درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Shahid Soleimani designed and implemented a new model of diplomacy during the years of commanding the Quds Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, which can be analyzed based on the conceptual framework of smart diplomacy. The main problem of the present research is also the observation of how this type of diplomacy is organized and formed and the ability to institutionalize it. (The main question) This article, which is based on the (qualitative case study) method, is what model and principles does diplomacy have in Shahid Soleimani's school? The findings of this exploratory research show that Shahid Soleimani was able to create a unique example of diplomacy in the region with the help of the four basic principles of military-security networking, simultaneous multi-layered action, nation-centered and ideology-based diplomacy. make a foot In this model of diplomacy defined in the specific political-cultural and economic context of the West Asian region, Shahid Soleimani was able to increase the national security factor and increase the influence of the ideology of the Islamic Revolution with the defeat of ISIS far more than in the past.

Peace and security are blessings that God has given to mankind for the sake of growth and development of human societies. What is certain is that peace is a human ideal and all human beings need peace and comfort in their daily lives to work and strive and to realize their material and spiritual abilities. Terrorism -as an old phenomenon with a new form and nature- is one of the most important and challenging problems of our world. Meanwhile, it is so brutal, outrageous, scary and reprehensible that it can be called as "cancer of our modern world". Terrorism by itself does not determine the system of action and reaction. Dealing with terrorism must follow a logical order; An order that is defined against all anti-peace phenomena and lies in natural, divine and human values. The international system lacks a clear and comprehensive strategy against security threats and peace violations. Therefore, the counter-terrorism mechanisms and measures stipulated in the existing international documents have sometimes taken a direction that are not necessarily compatible with other measures that have been established regarding other categories of world peace; Rather, their contradictions and incompatibilities are clearly visible in practice. With an innovative action, especially in the last decade, the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken a strategy to eradicate terrorism. In this regard, while dealing with the roots and intellectual and religious foundations of terrorism, Iran has simultaneously, Tactically and operationally tried to fight with the manifestations of terrorism and prevent the expansion of terrorist attacks. in this field, it has had extensive cooperation with international and regional organizations and their executive bodies, such as Interpol.

With the spread of economic crises in recent decades, the number of disputes between the host government and the investor has increased. Mechanisms have been established to resolve these disputes, which maintain order and security in the international community. Among these mechanisms is investment arbitration. Arbitration decisions are final, binding and one-step. But sometimes the issued vote has such damages and defects that it needs serious correction and annulment. It seems that prescribing the implementation of such decisions is like participating in injustice. Therefore, the development of codified and consistent rules regarding annulment in organizational and case arbitrations, as well as the arbitration rules of countries, will lead to encouraging foreign investment. Regarding the annulment of arbitration opinions, their advantages and disadvantages, no written research has been done, and cases of annulment have only been mentioned during the writing of some books or articles, without the precise interpretation of its existence. Especially, despite the importance and effect of Article 52 of the ICSID, the framework of this article has not been accurately calculated in arbitration procedures. Therefore, according to the philosophy of arbitration, the cases of revoking the vote should be limited to specific cases so that the vote is not swayed due to the non-compliance of minor matters. It should be kept in mind that the request to annul the arbitration opinion is not an obstacle or limitation of the arbitration and the purpose of these mechanisms is not to question the one-stage nature of the arbitration. In this research, it is tried to state that the purpose of establishing the revocation mechanism is not to weaken the arbitration procedure, but to create fairness and balance. Because it lacks causes the lack of transparency and accuracy of arbitration opinions, which is undeniable.

The formation of Islamic civilization based on its universal achievements is considered one of the most important turning points in the history of mankind. Throughout history, this civilization has experienced many ups and downs. The elements and factors shaping Islamic civilization have always tried to revive this civilization and universalize it throughout the time. With the collapse of the bipolar world order and the strengthening of regionalism in the international arena, Islamic countries are provided with a good opportunity to restore Islamic civilization and raising the concept of Islamic Ummah as an important pillar of power in the future world. The realization of this issue, however, requires the unification and integration of Islamic countries as main players of the revival of Islamic civilization.

The beginning of the political crisis in Syria, each regional and trans-regional actors have adopted different policies based on their interests and goals in relation to this country. Syria is an exceptional issue for countries in the region and the world's powers like the United States of America, and any transformation in that form might have a fundamental impact on the interests of each of these regional and global powers. Turkey as a regional power and the United States has always been present in the Syrian crisis as a regional power based on its interests. But the United' support of the present groups in Syria has sought to fight ISIS extremists, which Turkey has called for terrorist groups to reduce the US and Turkey relations. The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method and using documentation sources to provide a theoretical framework, the question of why Turkey is against United States about the Syrian Kurdish issue? This study investigates the presence of United States in Syria and the support of Kurdish groups, as well as the reaction that Turkey and Iran have been involved in. The findings of this article indicate that the United States support the Kurdish groups in northern Syria has led to conflict of interest between the two countries.