درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The distinction between "Religion" and "Religiosity culture and religious beliefs in the sensory and phenomenological perspective" has sociological significance and demonstrates a distinct pattern of sociology. The present study in the first section with critically approaches to the "Sociology of Religion" explains the inadequacy of its conceptual and perceptual organization in explaining sociological relationships of religion, with an emphasis on the inherently reductionist and methodological nature of this prevalent discipline. To this aim, the author explains that a "Correct understanding of religion - especially Islam - can be considered as a foundation that influences the existing understanding of sociology of religion" and examines the relationship between religion and society from a distinct perspective compared to the prevailing literature worldwide, highlighting the distinction of this approach compared to the intradisciplinary literature, which mainly involves an essentialist and fixed perception of religion and religious society in the dominant intellectual-religious traditions in the Islamic world. The author argues in this field with an "Ijtihadi" and "Intra-religious" approach about the combined and creative role of "Social Traditions of God" with "Faith and distinctive characteristics of Islamic spirituality" in constructing a new identity for society. By referring to the idea that "When people take steps towards God and the kingdomin a planned manner, they become closer to each other and a global community takes shape," it reaches a new level of religious and Islamic society. In fact, forming the institutions with common and distinct featuressuch as mosques, pilgrimage, and recently the Arbaeen of Imam Hussein (AS) in relation to the historical and glorious experience of the Islamic community in Medina shows that the Islamic society is a society established on justice and fairness, which follows its principles by creating sensitivity towards "Perceptive and Cognitive" levels, "Moral and Inclination" values, and "Behavioral and Action" aspects, within the framework of "Faith and Righteous Deeds."

Development programs design and operationalize land changes. Although development programs in Iran have been new, interventions in Iranian land have a long history. In other words, the methods of nurturing and exploiting natural and human resources identifiable in indigenous technologies have over time created a specific combination and fabric in the land that reflected the ancient organization of the Iranian land. Therefore, land changes in the Pahlavi era - which result from the implementation of development programs within the framework of modernization- are placed in relation to the organization of the land in the historical background of the country's population. Therefore, the main question of the article is, ‘How did land reform in Iran during the Pahlavi era take shape and what characteristics did it have?’ The present study used descriptive-analytical and critical method. It seems that regarding the external nature of the development programs of the Pahlavi era and their lack of indigenous foundation, the designed land changes lack the characteristic convergence between culture and technology, and neglect and indifference to the vital role of the ecosystem in the mentioned connection. In fact, the findings indicate that land changes resulting from modernization programs were designed and operationalized in confrontation with the pre-modern organization of the land. The interventionist approach in land during the Pahlavi era has resulted in a divergence in the cultural-ecosystem-technology cohesion. The result of this interventionist approach in land during the Pahlavi era has been a divergence in the cultural ecosystem-t

When the war broke out in Ukraine, this eastern European country started a successful resistance that pinned down the Russian army in many regions and created a stalemate that has sparked a war of attrition not only in Ukraine, but also on social media territories in other political spheres. This study investigates the way in which Ukraine war is represented -or to be more precise, fought- in the Iranian X. Data mining methods were employed to search, find and extract posts including “Ukraine war” -or “جنگ اوکراین” in Persian. Our main question was, how did Iranian X users position themselves with regard to war in Ukraine? Using Python, a popular social media research tools, 2027 relevant posts were extracted to show the way in which Iranian users position themselves with regard to Ukraine war. Results revealed that the two Iranian main political factions  -namely Reformists and Fundamentalists- see this war not as a war of other countries, but that of their own. The pro-Western Reformists favor the Ukrainian side of the war and the pro-Eastern Fundamentalists favor the Russian side of the war. They fight on social media as though the Ukrainian war is their own war.