درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The current study aims to investigate the impact of the flipped classroom on creativity, accountability, and math anxiety among female elementary students. This quasi-experimental research employed a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population for this study encompassed all female elementary students in Isfahan, Iran, during the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022. The convenience sampling method was utilized to select 30 students who were then divided into experimental and control groups (n = 15 per group). The experimental group received 16 online sessions using the flipped classroom approach, while the control group continued with regular educational practices at the same time. The research instruments consisted of the Home–School Accountability Questionnaire, Standard Creativity Scale, and Math Anxiety Scale. Analysis of covariance was employed for inferential analysis. The results revealed that the flipped classroom approach yielded positive effects on creativity (F = 6.15, p < 0.05, η² = 0.18), accountability (F = 6.75, p < 0.05, η² = 0.20), and math anxiety (F = 4.74, p < 0.05, η² = 0.15).

The purpose of the present study was to model the structural relationships between academic adjustment and mindfulness with the mediation role of academic hope emotion and academic anxiety emotion. This research adopted a descriptive correlational design using the structural equation modelling. The statistical population included all secondary school female students in Bushehr city in 2022-2023, and based on Cochran’s formula and Random clustering sampling method, 256 people were selected. In order to examine the research variables of the participants, the mindfulness scale Drotman, Galub, Ogansianrid (2018), the compatibility questionnaire High school students completed the Sinha and Singh (1993) and Pakrun, Goetz, Tietz and Perry (2002) academic excitement scale. analyses were done by the structural equation modeling method. The findings showed that the research model has a good fit with the collected data. The findings indicated that the structural relationship of between academic adjustment and mindfulness with the mediation role of academic hope emotion and academic anxiety emotion had an optimal fit. The findings showed that mindfulness was able to predict academic adjustment either indirectly through the emotion of academic hope and emotion of academic anxiety. In general, the findings of the current research show the role of emotion of academic hope and the emotion of academic anxiety in relationships between mindfulness and academic adjustment.It can be concluded that the requirement to increase the academic adjustment of students is to pay attention to their mindfulness, academic hope and academic anxiety.

During the Coronavirus pandemic, online classes and exams became popular to protect people's health. Despite the benefits, there were security issues and exam cheating. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the amount and type of cheating in online and face-to-face exams using a qualitative method. The statistical population was all male and female students of the sixth grade of Pirbakran city in the academic year 2021-2022. In this research, a mixed rural school was selected using available sampling method and a structured face-to-face interview was conducted with all 14 sixth-grade students of the school. The interview questions were written and checked in MAXQDA software version 2020. From the analysis of the interviews, it was concluded that the rate of student cheating in online tests is much higher than that in face-to-face tests. The most common methods of cheating in online tests are the use of textbooks, the help of classmates, and the use of the Internet. Also, the most common method of cheating in face-to-face exams was the help of a classmate, and they considered the objective questions in the exams to be one of the important reasons for the ease of cheating. According to the findings of the research, the exams should be held in person as much as possible. In order to reduce cheating in the design of face-to-face and online tests, it is better to use more conceptual, in-depth and descriptive questions not published on the Internet browser; design different questions for students and explain the importance of studying and the negative points of cheating for students; replace four-choice questions with explanatory questions; increase the distance between the students in the face-to-face exam and control to prevent the presence of embedded fraud; not to answer the questions by the invigilators, and check students' pockets and hands in order to prevent cheating and avoid providing them with multiple draft sheets.

Objectives: Adherence to treatment and cancer coping self-efficacy are key components in the management of cancer disease. This study aimed at examining the structural pattern of personality traits of cancer patients on treatment adherence and cancer coping self-efficacy mediated by social support. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive and the research design was correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all female patients with breast cancer who were referred to Shahid Rahimi Hospital for follow-up treatment, among whom 300 were selected using the convenience sampling method. Then, they completed the research questionnaires, including five personality traits, Self-efficacy appropriate medicine use scale, Cancer Behavior Scale, and Social Support Therapeutic Outcomes questionnaire. The research data were analyzed using AMOS statistical software. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between personality traits, adherence to treatment, cancer self-efficacy, and social support. The results of structural equation modeling showed a good fit of the model with the experimental data and the general hypothesis of the research was confirmed. Personality traits have a significant positive effect on adherence to cancer treatment and self-efficacy. Also, personality traits mediated by social support showed a negative and significant relationship with adherence to treatment and cancer self-efficacy. Conclusion: This study showed the effective role of social support in the outcome of social and individual measures to increase adherence to treatment and cancer self-efficacy in patients with breast cancer.

Objective: Problem gambling is a non-addiction issue that may arise even from recreational engagement with gambling activity. In Nigeria, not much has been written about this menace to the extent that the focus of interest of the government is on the economic gains of gambling activities rather than how to curtail the problems arising therefrom. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating psychosocial predictors (age, suicidality, and financial strain) contributing either independently or collectively to problem gambling among male undergraduate students in Ogun state, Nigeria. Methods: This study adopted a correlational research design. 201 participants were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires that included bio-data information, Problem Gambling Severity Index developed by (Ferris & Whynne, 2001), Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) developed by Osman, Bagge, Gutierrez, Konick, Kopper, & Barrios (2001) and Financial Strain Survey developed by (Aldana & Lijenquist, 1998). Results: Multiple Regression Analysis was used to analyze the data, and the results revealed that financial strain contributed more significantly to problem gambling (t (196) = 5.348, P.001), = 36, while all psychosocial variables contributed collectively to problem gambling (F (3, 196) = 9.670, P.01, AdjR2 =.12) among male undergraduate students in Ogun State, Nigeria. Conclusions: The study concluded that psychosocial factors-age, financial strain, and suicidality collectively contributed to problem gambling while only financial strain independently significantly predicted problem gambling among male university students in Ago-Iwoye community of Olabisi Onabanjo University. The study recommended that students receive financial counselling and planning in order to manage their money effectively.

Objective: This research investigated the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship of type D personality with psychological well-being and self-care behaviors in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. Research Method: The statistical population of this research included all patients with type 2 diabetes in the cities of Rasht and Rezvanshahr in 2020-2021. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 368 patients were selected through purposive consecutive sampling. The participants completed the questionnaire of the summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA), type D personality scale (DS-14), Ryff's scale of psychological well-being (RSPWB), and self-compassion scale – short form (SCS-SF). The data were processed through structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS-24. Bootstrapping was carried out by Preacher and Hayes’ (2008) macro to analyze the mediating relationships. Results: According to the bootstrapping analysis, self-compassion plays a significantly mediating role in the relationship of type D personality with psychological well-being and self-care behaviors (in all cases p<0.0001). The coefficient of determination of the final model demonstrated that all exogenous and medicating variables can predict 89% of the psychological well-being changes and 87% of self-care behaviors. Conclusions: Self-compassion can serve as a buffer and reduce the destructive effects of the type D personality on the psychological well-being and self-care behaviors in diabetic patients. Thus, taking measures to train and strengthen self-compassion is essential in the psychological treatment of diabetic patients.