Journal of Family Relations Studies (JHRS)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to modeling the role of organizational ethics atmospheres and work-family conflict in cyber loafing. Methods: Methodology of the research in terms of the strategy was quantitative-field and in terms of analytical, was descriptive. The statistical population of this study included all staff of Universities affiliated with the Ministry of Science at four levels of international, national, regional and local levels of performance across the country. The research data were collected from 430 staff members who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The sample size according to the Kregci-Morgan model and with error α = 0/05, was considered 430 persons. To collect data Cyber Loafing Questionnaire of Bella et al (2006), Organizational Ethical Atmospheres Questionnaire of Victor and Cullen (1988) and work-family Conflict Questionnaire of DuBrin (1985) was used. Validity of the tools was confirmed by the professors of education and psychology. Data were analyzed by artificial neural network with multilayer perceptron (MPL) method. Results: The results showed modeling the organizational factors affecting on cyber loafing has an input layer with seven units and a hidden layer with one unit and the artificial neural network is well able to predict the jumps and the process of cyber loafing of academic staff based on organizational factors of organizational ethics atmospheres and work-family conflict. Conclusion: It is necessary to pay attention to these components and their effects on the organization human resource behavior and avoiding deviant behavior.

Objective: The increase in divorce rates has led to many studies on divorce prevention. The present study was conducted with the objective of comparing the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy and self-regulation couple therapy in the ego strength of couples on the verge of divorce.   Methods:  The design of this quasi-experimental study was pretest-posttest with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population included all the couples on the verge of divorce in martyr Motahari family court complex in Mashhad in 2019. Sixty couples who referred to Bahar Divorce Counseling Center in Mashhad were selected. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (i.e., emotionally focused couple therapy and self-regulation couple therapy) and a control group. There were 20 couples in each group. The instrument included Ego Strength Questionnaire (Markstrom & Marshall, 2007). In addition, one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data using SPSS software (version 25). Results: Both intervention methods were effective in strenthing the ego of the couples on the verge of divorce (P<0.0001). Furthermore, the effectiveness of both methods sustained over time. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the two methods in terms of the effectiveness. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is suggested that counselors and psychologists in the field of couple and family therapy use the two methods of emotionally focused couple therapy and self-regulation couple therapy in order to strengthen the ego of the couples with challenges.

Objective: The present research aimed to determine the upcoming challenges to working nurse mothers using a qualitative method and Grounded Theory approach. Methods: The study population of this research included all nurse mothers in Imam Reza Hospital in Bojnord city in 2018. 14 nurse mothers were chosen by purposeful sampling and the researcher conducted in-depth and semi-structured interviews with them. The data were analyzed using the qualitative method and Grounded Theory approach. Results: The findings regarding the research question (What are the upcoming challenges to working nurse mothers in choosing   a child upbringing method?) suggested that the conditions governing any workplace, any family and any upbringing situation are among the general factors that are considered to be determining factors in choosing a child upbringing method. Conclusion: It was eventually revealed that the factors related to family and work environments, which interfere with the nature of mother-child interactions, are among the upcoming challenges to working nurse mothers in choosing a child upbringing method.

Objective: Divorce is one of the social and family problems that all sections of society are affected in some way. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of self-compassion, patience and Islamic optimism on the tendency to divorce couples in Rasht. Methods: The method of this research was correlational and the method of data analysis was practical in terms of purpose. This study was performed on 200 married men and women in Rasht in 2020. The respondents were selected by available random sampling. For data collection, Roosevelt, Johnson & Moro Divorce Tendency Scale, Nef Self-Compassion Questionnaire, Date Patience Scale and Nouri Islamic Optimism Questionnaire were used and then the data were analyzed by SPSS26 software. Results: Findings showed a significant and negative correlation between self-compassion (r = -0.43), patience (r = -0.17) and Islamic optimism (r = -0.32) with a tendency to divorce. Also, there was a significant negative relationship with confidence (P <0.05). The results of regression analysis showed that these three variables predict 23% of the variance of the tendency to divorce (P <0.05). Conclusion: According the results of this study, the couples experience less tendency to divorce with more compassion, patience and Islamic optimism. The study of the degree of self-compassion in couples and also the study of patience and optimism in them, provides a more complete understanding of the factors involved in the phenomenon of the tendency to divorce in couples. It can be concluded that self-compassion and religiosity have an effect on improving the strategies for maintaining the couple's relationship.

Objective:  The present study aims to determine the forecast of mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and coping styles regarding teacher marriage burnout. Methods: The population of the study includes 550 married elementary school teachers in the city of Esfarayen (2021). Sampling was done based on the intended society (550 teachers). To do so, 225 teachers were selected using Morgan Table. Data-collection instruments include Paine’s Marital Burnout Questionnaire (1996), Nis and Vander Walj’s Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, Endler and Parker’s Coping Style Questionnaire, and Bayer et al.’s Five-scale Mindfulness Scale (2006). Finally, the collected data were analyzed by Spss24 software. Results: Findings of the study indicated that the total mindfulness score and the subscales (i.e. action with awareness, lack of judgment, and lack of response) had a significant correlation with marriage burnout. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between the total score of psychological flexibility and the subscales– understanding controllability, understanding various options, and understanding behavior justification– and marriage burnout. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between problem-focused coping style and marriage burnout. Also, avoidance coping style had a significant positive correlation with marriage burnout. Conversely, no significant correlation was found between emotional coping style and marriage burnout. Furthermore, according to the regression model, 26.3% of marriage burnout changes could be determined by lack of judgment (mindfulness), lack of response (mindfulness), problem-focused coping style, and avoidance coping style. Conclusion: Overall, mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and coping styles were significant predictors of teacher marriage burnout. Therefore, teacher marriage burnout could be alleviated by creating some potential.

Objective:  The goal of this study was to find out, through qualitative research, how high school parents see the pros and cons of online education during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: The sample for the present study included several of mothers of male and female Tehran high school students. For data analysis, Braun and Clarke's (2021a) thematic analysis model-based methodology was utilized. Results: The data revealed a comprehensive theme composed of two major themes, one with six sub-themes and the other with two sub-themes: 1) psychological capital with self-others care, self-efficacy beliefs, psychological resilience, hope, coping measures, and self-loving causal attributions sub-themes; and 2) technological capital with technology ethics and cultural literacy of technology sub-themes. Conclusion:  In addition, both practical and theoretical implications for the parental character strengths model were examined.