درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive fusion and social anxiety in women suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. Methods: This study was an applied, quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, including a control group. The population consisted of all women with generalized anxiety disorder who attended counseling centers in Sari city. The sample included 30 women with generalized anxiety disorder, selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group receiving ACT for social anxiety disorder (Hayes, 2012) and a wait-list control group. Data were collected using the Social Anxiety Questionnaire (Watson & Friend, 1969) and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (Gillanders, 2014). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS-26 software. Findings: The results showed significant differences between the ACT treatment group and the control group. ACT was effective in reducing cognitive fusion (F = 15.25, p < .001) and social anxiety (F = 38.86, p < .001) in women with generalized anxiety disorder (p < .001). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy may serve as an effective intervention method for improving cognitive fusion and social anxiety in women with generalized anxiety disorder.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the structural relationship between metacognitive beliefs, stress, attachment styles, and anorexia nervosa mediated by self-image. Methods: This research is a descriptive correlational study and is a type of modeling research; the study population included female middle school students from Tehran in the 2022-2023 academic year. The research sample was collected through convenience sampling. Participants included 215 female students who completed online questionnaires on Anorexia Nervosa (Stice et al., 2004), Body Self-Image (Rue & Associates, 1999), Anxiety, Depression, Stress-21 (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), Metacognitive Beliefs-30 (Cartwright et al., 2004), and the Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Besharat, 2005). Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares method in SPSS and Smart-PLS software. Findings: The results showed that the modified structural relationship model of metacognitive beliefs, stress, and attachment styles with anorexia nervosa mediated by body self-image had the necessary fit. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that body self-image played a mediating role in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, stress, and attachment styles with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a strength-based intervention on altering attitudes toward marital infidelity and enhancing sexual self-concept among women experiencing marital conflict. Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was employed with 30 women from the Mehravar Counseling Center in Tehran, divided equally into intervention and control groups. The intervention consisted of eight 75-minute sessions based on strength-based principles. Data were collected at three points using the Attitudes Towards Infidelity Scale (ATIS) and the Sexual Self-Concept Inventory (SSCI). Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, utilizing SPSS-27. Findings: The intervention group showed significant improvements in both measured outcomes. Attitudes toward marital infidelity decreased from a pre-test mean of 42.53 (SD = 5.67) to 37.82 (SD = 5.12) at follow-up. Sexual self-concept increased from a pre-test mean of 30.88 (SD = 4.45) to 35.64 (SD = 3.72) at follow-up. The ANOVA results revealed significant time effects and time x group interactions for both variables (p < .001). Conclusion: The strength-based intervention was effective in significantly improving attitudes toward marital infidelity and sexual self-concept among women with marital conflicts. These findings suggest that such interventions can be beneficial in marital counseling settings, offering a promising approach for enhancing marital satisfaction and individual well-being.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the combined Eyberg Parent-Child Interaction Training and personality-centered parenting on internalizing and externalizing problems in children aged 7 to 10 years. Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. The research population included mothers of children aged 7 to 10 years in Tehran with internalizing and externalizing problems. From this population, 30 mothers were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two equal groups (each group consisting of 15 participants). The experimental group received eight 90-minute online sessions of Eyberg Parent-Child Interaction Training and personality-centered parenting, while the control group received no intervention. For data analysis, first, descriptive information related to the research variables was provided. Findings: After confirming the assumptions for using covariance analysis, the hypothesis test results indicated that the combined intervention package of Eyberg Parent-Child Interaction and personality-centered parenting had an effect on internalizing and externalizing problems (p < .01). Comparison of the effect sizes obtained showed that the intervention package had the most significant impact on four components (aggression, thought problems, somatic complaints, and anxiety/depression) out of a total of eight behavioral problem components (p < .01). The effect size (eta coefficient) demonstrates the intervention's impact on the dependent variables. Comparison of the effect sizes showed that the intervention package had the greatest impact on anxiety/depression with an eta coefficient of 0.511, followed by thought problems with an eta coefficient of 0.443, aggression with an eta coefficient of 0.385, and somatic complaints with an eta coefficient of 0.351. Conclusion: The findings indicated that parental training led to a reduction in children's internalizing and externalizing problems. The results suggest that prioritizing and examining parenting styles should be considered the first line of treatment, as children learn how to interact with others within the family, and family experiences serve as models for their future social relationships.