درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)-based skill training on distress tolerance, emotional cognitive regulation, and marital quality of life in women with recurrent miscarriages. Methods: The population consisted of all women attending infertility clinics in Tehran during 2019-2020. A sample of 30 women was selected through convenience and purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The instruments used in this study included: the Distress Tolerance Scale by Simons and Gaher (2005), Cognitive and Emotional Regulation Scale by Garnefski, Kraaij, and Spinhoven (2006), and Marital Quality of Life Scale by Fletcher, Simpson, and Thomas (2000). Repeated measures and a significance level of .05 were used for statistical analysis. Findings: The results showed significant differences in means between the two groups at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages, with significant improvements in distress tolerance, emotional cognitive regulation, and marital quality of life. The effect sizes of this treatment were 0.885, 0.910, and 0.983, respectively. Conclusion: Given the confirmed effectiveness of the treatment, it is recommended that these women receive psychological treatments in conjunction with medical treatments.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Couple Therapy (ACT) on communication patterns and marital infidelity among married individuals in Yazd. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental. The population consisted of all married individuals attending psychological counseling and service centers in Meybod. Using questionnaires on communication patterns and marital infidelity, and employing purposive sampling, 20 couples with higher scores were selected from a pool of 50 couples. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (10 couples) or the control group (10 couples). The experimental group underwent Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, while the control group received no treatment. Post-tests were administered to both groups. Results, analyzed using covariance analysis. Findings: Findings showed that Acceptance and Commitment-Based Couple Therapy significantly impacts the communication patterns of married individuals. Additionally, it significantly affects marital infidelity among married individuals. Conclusion: Thus, ACT can be used to enhance couple’s relationship and prevent infidelity and divorce.

Objective: The present study aimed to predict attitudes toward marital infidelity in couples based on attachment styles and personality traits with the mediation of coping strategies (gender comparison). Methods: The research method was correlational and used structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all married women and men aged 25 to 45 in Tehran. A sample of 420 individuals, comprising 210 women and 210 men, was selected through convenience sampling. Research data were collected using the Whately Marital Infidelity Attitude Questionnaire (2006), the Collins and Read Attachment Styles Questionnaire (1994), the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Test (1973), and the Lazarus-Folkman Coping Strategies Questionnaire (1988). Relationships between variables were assessed using Pearson's correlation test, and the research model was evaluated using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) structural equation modeling technique. The mediation role was also assessed using the bootstrapping method in Smart PLS software. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 27 and Smart PLS version 3. Findings: The research findings indicated that in the female sample, risk-taking as a personality trait could predict marital infidelity (p < .05). In the male sample, the conscientiousness personality trait directly predicted marital infidelity, while insecure attachment predicted marital infidelity both directly and indirectly through the avoidant-escape coping style (p < .05). Conclusion: The results showed that insecure attachment influences the tendency toward marital infidelity in the male group. Additionally, the conscientiousness factor influences the tendency toward marital infidelity in the male group, and the avoidance and escape strategies influence the tendency toward marital infidelity in the male group. The results also demonstrated that secure attachment negatively impacts the problem-solving coping strategy in the female group. Secure attachment negatively impacts the avoidant-escape strategy in the female group but positively impacts it in the male group. Insecure attachment positively impacts the avoidant-escape strategy in both the female and male groups. The conscientiousness factor positively impacts the problem-solving coping strategy in the female group. Moreover, sociability positively impacts the avoidant-escape strategy in the male group, while emotional stability negatively impacts the avoidant-escape strategy in the overall and male groups. Risk-taking negatively impacts the avoidant-escape strategy in the overall and male groups. These results showed no relationship between insecure attachment and the tendency toward marital infidelity in women.

The present research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of reality therapy and schema therapy on the perfectionism of working women. The materials and methods of this research are Quasi-experiment with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population consists of working women based in Shiraz. First, a number of 150 working women completed Hill et al.'s perfectionism inventory (2004), then 45 individuals who had the higher scores compared to the rest, were selected and randomly placed in three groups of 15, including two experimental groups and one control group; and then the first experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of reality therapy and the second experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of schema therapy and the control group did not receive any intervention. The information obtained from covariance analysis was analyzed with the SPSS software. The findings obtained from the covariance analysis showed that both methods led to a significant reduction in the perfectionism of the participants of the experimental groups. Among the two types of therapy, schema therapy had a greater effect in reducing perfectionism; but there was no significant difference between the two methods in reducing perfectionism. Based on the results, both reality therapy and schema therapy can be used to reduce the perfectionism of working women.

Objective: In the theory of acceptance and commitment and recent theories, experiential avoidance is considered as an important factor in the etiology and continuation of mental pathology. This study was carried out to determine the efficacy and continuation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on reducing experiential avoidance of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Research Methodology: In this clinical trial, 16 veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder referred to Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs, with psychiatric diagnosis, were selected by purposive sampling method. They were treated for 8 sessions (each session 90 minutes) based on acceptance and commitment. Treatment was followed for two months after treatment. To collect the data, the check-list of symptoms of mental disorder (SCL-90), Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), post-traumatic stress disorder list (PCL-5) and a questionnaire of acceptance and commitment (AAQ-II) were used. Findings: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy significantly reduced the experiential avoidance and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, and the reduction lasted up to two months after treatment. Conclusion: The treatment process and the results obtained in this study suggest that the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder of veterans, had the necessary efficiency and effectiveness.