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The purpose of this essay is to analyze the concept of culture in the collection of short stories entitled as Lovely,Deep, Dark and I Am No One You Know by Joyce Carol Oates through Fredric Jameson’s theory of postmodern culture.The portraits of women,men,and children show Oates's compassion for the human life in the modern society.According to Jameson,postmodern culture is the internal and superstructural expression of a whole new wave of American military and economic domination throughout the world: in this sense,as throughout class history, the underside of culture is blood, torture,death, and terror.Lovely,Deep,Dark and I Am No One You Know represent the spot of postmodern man’s struggle with his background and real culture.The stories are associated with an avant-garde movement in which nature is gone and this feature can be seen in all collections of the stories.They create a deconstructed condition in which there is no direct relation between social beings.The setting of the stories reminds the postmodern society which is the metaphor for the current American society with a revolutionized culture.The place that the authors have created in the stories is devoid of natural life and happiness.It is a fabricated place in which the people are programmed like robots.Throughout the stories,the authors represent technological pessimism which refers to the sense of disappointment,anxiety,and menace in subjects due to technological issues.The researcher contributes to identify the main cause of Oates’s attack to her characters in these collections.The main purpose of research paper finds the cause of Oates’s message in postmodern world

Intersubjectivity has priority over subjectivity because meaning is discussed and constructed in a two-way process that happens in a conversation. According to this, the research aims to show the terms of change for meaning production in psychotherapy with clients. Two cases (a child and an adult) were selected with apparent symptoms of anxiety and fear with the case study method and available sampling. They were treated by the technical integrative method. Conversations were coded by process-focused conversation analysis. Analyzing results by process-focused conversation analysis showed that in both cases, to happen changes in psychotherapy, besides terms of conversation, a particular type of psychotherapy response is essential (Khayyami's cycle), and client change is not explained by the merely particular response of the therapist; but, the therapist can, by the method used in the research, acquire the meaning hidden behind client's verbal response and symptoms on the dialogue process and show Lacani's transcendental signified and signified chain.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of Acceptance and Commitment Couple Therapy (ACCT) and Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) on infertile women's sexual attitudes. Method: This quasi-experimental investigation included a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, with a control group. The statistics population comprised all infertile women aged 25 to 45 with infertility for more than five years, a total of 171 women who visited Novin Infertility Clinic in Mashhad in 2022. 45 participants who met the inclusion criteria were chosen and matched according to education level and length of infertility. They were divided equally into three groups of fifteen each. Following the pre-test, the experimental groups were assigned to either the ACCT based on Hayes and Strosahl's (2010) or the EFCT based on Johnson's (2008) treatment programs, which consisted of eight weekly 90-minute sessions. Following this, a post-test and a three-month follow-up were conducted. The research tool used was the Dehghani Sexual Attitude Questionnaire (2005). Data were analyzed using SPSS-27. Findings: The results revealed a substantial difference in the efficacy of ACCT and EFCT in altering sexual attitudes among infertile women. Both therapy were successful, however ACCT produced more consistent outcomes during the follow-up period. Although EFCT increased sexual attitude posttest scores compared to the pre-test, the results did not remain constant in the follow-up phase, with a little decrease. Both medications were beneficial, although ACCT had a longer-lasting influence. Conclusion: The results showed that ACCT had a greater impact on modifying sexual attitudes than EFCT.

Aim: Marriage is a social institution that forms the foundation of relationships and creates family units. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of transactional analysis on marital quality and positive thinking of married women in District 6 of Tehran in 2020. Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and included a control group. Among the married women in the 6th district of Tehran who had enrolled in the Institute of Transactional Analysis Training, 34 individuals were selected using Purposive sampling, with 17 randomly assigned to the experimental group and 17 to the control group. The marital quality and positive thinking questionnaires were administered to subjects in the experimental group during the pretest phase, followed by implementing the independent variable (transactional analysis) in the experimental group through 9 three-hour sessions. The control group did not receive any training. After the final session, both groups completed the marital quality and positive thinking questionnaires in the post-test phase. The SPSS 19 software was utilized to conduct the covariance analysis test to analyze the data. Results: The value of F indicates the effect of transactional analysis training on marital quality (F=533.862; P=0.017), and positive thinking (F=14.67; P=0.001) demonstrates the impact of transactional analysis training on positive thinking and marital quality is confirmed after controlling for pretest effects and nuisance variables. Conclusion:This study reveals that transactional analysis impacts marital quality and positive thinking of married women. One of the most crucial functions of training is the ability to express one's needs to the spouse, leading to improvement in marital quality, specifically by reducing stress and anger. Additionally, by helping individuals identify and manage their emotions, transactional analysis training can help control negative emotions and improve their overall outlook, increasing positive thinking. This positive thinking, achieved through transactional analysis training, can improve individuals' mental and emotional well-being and reconstruct their damaged spirits.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare self-acceptance, self-compassion and fear of negative evaluation by others in blind, visually impaired and normal people. Method: The method of this causal-comparative research and its statistical population included all blind, partially sighted and sighted people in Ardabil city in 2022. 60 people (30 blind, 30 visually impaired) were selected as the study group using the available sampling method and 30 people (sighted people) were selected as the comparison group through comparison and formed the research sample. They gave. To collect information, Lori's (1983) fear of negative evaluation, Neff's (2003) self-compassion, and Chamberlain and Haga's (2001) unconditional self-acceptance questionnaires were used. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between self-acceptance, self-compassion and fear of negative evaluation by others among three groups of blind, partially sighted and normal people. In this way, self-acceptance and self-compassion are lower in blind people than in visually impaired people and lower in visually impaired people than in normal people. Also, in the scale of fear of negative evaluation by others, blind people, visually impaired people and normal people obtained more scores (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Accurate recognition and full attention to individual differences by professionals who provide psychological services to people with visual impairments can lead to the design and detailed educational plans for this group.