درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of math anxiety with math self-efficacy and math attitude, considering the mediating role of numerical memory via the structural equation modeling. The research adopted a correlational method. The statistical population of the study comprised secondary school students from Oshnavieh city in Iran (N= 4280) in 2019. From this statistical population, 200 students were selected as the sample using the cluster random sampling method, and were administered the Plack and Parker math anxiety tests (1982), Wechsler Numerical Memory Scale (2003), Liu and Koirala Math Self-Efficacy Scale (2009) and the Fennma-Sherman Math Attitude Scale (1976). The structural equation modeling approach was used to examine the data using SPSS 26 and AMOS 26 software. The findings of the study indicated that students' math anxiety is directly influenced by numerical memory (p= 0.001), mathematical self-efficacy (p=0.01), and mathematical attitude (p=0.1). Additionally, it was observed that mathematical self-efficacy indirectly influences students' math anxiety via numerical memory (p= 0.05). Furthermore, the indirect effect of math attitude via numerical memory on students' math anxiety was not confirmed (p=0.54).   Based on these findings, it can be concluded that it is imperative to address both math self-efficacy and math attitude to reduce students' math anxiety. Consequently, it is recommended that educators create an environment that fosters a positive attitude towards mathematics lessons and enhances students' self-efficacy in mathematics.

Objective: Occurrence of behavioral problems during the childhood years has an adverse effect on the child's mental and physical development process and if not treated, it can lead to chronic physical and psychological problems in the child. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema-based parenting training on mothers' parenting self-efficacy, self-concept and parental acceptance of children with internalized disorders.Methods: The research was semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group). The statistical sample included 30 mothers and children with internalized problems who were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The experimental groups were given schema-based parenting training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Children's self-concept scale, parental rejection-acceptance questionnaire, parental self-efficacy questionnaire were used to collect information. The data were analyzed based on multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS-24 software.Results: The findings showed that approach of schema-based parenting education was effective in improving mothers' parenting self-efficacy, self-concept and children's parental acceptance (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research it can be said that schema-based parenting education can help parents to know themselves correctly, learn the correct principles of parenting, control their own emotions and problems, lead to the improvement of mothers' parenting self-efficacy, self-concept and parental acceptance of children with internalized problems.

Objective:  The purpose of this paper was to examine the effectiveness of the training couple care program (CARE) based on Halford’s instructions on intimacy and trust of couples referred to counseling centers of Isfahan in 2021.Methods: The research methodology of this study was semi-experimental divided into two groups of experiment and control with 16 participants in each group. The statistical population of this research included all couples who have referred to the counseling centers of Isfahan in the first 6 months of 2021. Subjects of experimental group participated in 7 sessions of the training program which each session took 90 minutes. Research data was collected by Alavi’s questionnaire. For evaluating of the content validity of this questionnaire was utilized experts’ propositions. Findings showed that the training approaches of the couple care program (CARE) are effectiveness on the intimacy, emotional, supportive, and aggressive behaviors, and trust of couples.Results: when the emotional experience of love and intimacy in couples’ relationships becomes less important and less valuable, the life atmosphere definitely becomes unstable and unreliable. Therefore, by implementing the care training program, it is possible to create a calm psychological atmosphere in couples’ relationships and provide the way for a more productive conversation. In this way, intimate relationships become stable with the ability to communicate and agree on interests in a relationship.Conclusion: the beliefs and expectations of couples affect the perception of couples, marital life, relationships and interactions. So that they can form stable relationships between couples or lead intense love to divorce; which can be improved with the help of rich programs such as CARE couple care program, communication, and care in couples.