درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The aim of this study is to qualitatively analyze the consequences of online extramarital relationships from the perspective of men. Method: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach, employing content analysis. Based on the principle of theoretical saturation, twelve men participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and MAXQDA software was used for coding and categorizing the data. Findings: The consequences of online extramarital relationships among men can be classified into two main categories and five subcategories. The results indicate that hiding the relationship while maintaining marital life, public disclosure, divorce, and separation are among the consequences of online extramarital relationships from the men's perspective. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study highlights the complex dynamics of online infidelity among men in Mashhad, Iran, revealing key themes such as relationship concealment, marital dissatisfaction, and the impact on trust and family stability. The findings underscore the importance of understanding cultural and individual factors in the context of extramarital relationships and provide a foundation for future research on the psychological and relational consequences of online infidelity.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and existential therapy on symptoms of demoralization and life attitudes in women heads of households in welfare in the city of Rasht. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population included all women heads of households in the welfare organization of Rasht city (2159 individuals) in 2021. The sample size included 60 individuals who were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (20 individuals in the existential therapy group and 20 individuals in the cognitive-behavioral therapy group) and one control group (20 individuals). Then, each of the two experimental groups received 8 sessions of 90-minute group therapy. The cognitive-behavioral therapy was based on the cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol by Antony et al. (2013), and the existential therapy was based on the existential therapy protocol by Irvin Yalom (2016). The data collection tools included the Symptoms of Demoralization Questionnaire by Kissane et al. (2004) and the Life Attitudes Questionnaire by Battista (1973). Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA. Findings: Based on the effect size values, the effectiveness of both cognitive-behavioral therapy and existential therapy on the demoralization symptoms variable was 43%, and on the life attitudes variable, it was 62%. This effectiveness was significant and persistent (according to the follow-up test results), and both therapies had a lasting impact on the dependent variables. In the variables of demoralization symptoms (F=29.34, p=0.001) and life attitudes (F=62.36, p=0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in the variables of demoralization symptoms and life attitudes of women heads of households in the two experimental groups (cognitive-behavioral therapy and existential therapy), indicating the significant impact of both therapeutic methods on the research's dependent variables.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between mental health and mental toughness with the meaning in life in families of children with autism. Methods: The statistical population included all families with children with autism registered in the Autism Society of Tehran in 2022 (totaling 2,040 individuals). From this population, 322 participants were selected using convenience sampling based on Morgan's table. Participants were assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) by Goldberg (1999), the Mental Toughness Questionnaire by Clough, Earle, and Sewell (2002), and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire by Steger, Frazier, Oishi, and Kaler (2006). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests via SPSS version 23. Findings: The findings revealed a significant relationship between meaning in life and both mental health and mental toughness in families of children with autism. The dimensions of mental health significantly predicted the presence of meaning and the search for meaning in life. Furthermore, the dimensions of mental toughness were also significant predictors of the presence of meaning and the search for meaning (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results, the role of mental health and mental toughness is crucial in fostering a positive experience of meaning in life for families of children with autism.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT) on marital commitment, love schemas, and emotional schemas in couples with extramarital affairs. Methods: This research employed a semi-experimental single-case design with a multiple baseline method. The statistical population of this study included all couples with experience of extramarital affairs who referred to family courts and the prevention unit of the welfare organization in Dezful city in the year 2022. A total of 4 couples (8 individuals) were selected through purposeful sampling. The EFCT process was conducted in three baseline stages, across 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, with a two-month follow-up. Participants responded to the Marital Commitment Questionnaire by Adams and Jones (1997), the Love Schema Questionnaire by Yarahmadi-Vaseli et al. (2020), and the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LES) (2002). Data were analyzed using visual inspection, reliable change index, and percentage improvement formula. Findings: The results indicated that EFCT led to an increase in marital commitment in couples with extramarital affairs (P<0.05), and the effects persisted until the follow-up stage. Additionally, the results showed that EFCT resulted in an increase in adaptive emotional schemas and a decrease in maladaptive emotional schemas in these couples (P<0.05). EFCT had a significant impact on secure love schema, unstable love schema, clingy love schema, avoidant love schema, and unserious love schema (P<0.05), with effects lasting until the follow-up stage. Furthermore, the results indicated that EFCT did not have a significant impact on reducing unserious love schema and uninterested love schema (P>0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, EFCT can be utilized as a sustainable intervention to enhance marital commitment, love schemas, and emotional schemas in healthcare and therapeutic centers for couples with extramarital affairs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of sexual cognitive behavioral therapy on sexual awareness, psychological functioning, and self-control in married women. Method: The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The study population included all married female students at the Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, in 2023. Based on the population, 30 participants (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) were purposively selected and randomly assigned. Data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and the Sexual Awareness Questionnaire by Snell and colleagues (1991), along with Dr. Mehrnaz Aliakbari's sexual cognitive behavioral therapy protocol. Findings: The results indicated that sexual cognitive behavioral therapy significantly and positively affected sexual awareness, psychological functioning, and self-control in married women. Conclusions: Therefore, sexual cognitive behavioral therapy can be used to improve psychological functioning and self-control in women.

The Persian podcast “Radio Rah”, hosted by Mojtaba Shakouri, has become a highly popular audio program among Iranian audiences, particularly the younger generation. It has consistently ranked among the top three in most polls conducted on the most beloved podcasts. This article, using the method of thematic analysis, evaluates the content of this podcast’s episodes in order to determine what types of themes are currently favored by the Iranian public. According to the findings, Radio Rah is a podcast aimed at encouraging listeners to think critically and seek ways to live better lives. It appears to carry the mission of helping its audience cope with the sufferings of life. In the podcast, Mojtaba Shakouri explores complex philosophical and psychological concepts in a simple and fluent language. He makes these ideas more tangible and accessible by incorporating literary stories, music, and scientific articles. The most frequently recurring themes in the podcast include the necessity of a realistic outlook on life, the importance of positive practical actions in times of crisis, encouragement of self-awareness and self-knowledge, critique of modernity and consumerist culture, and emphasis on spiritual and emotional growth in life. Furthermore, through a thematic analysis of listeners’ comments on the Castbox platform, it was revealed that emotional resonance with the content, admiration for the quality of production, and acknowledgment of the podcast’s psychological and cognitive impact are the main reasons behind its widespread popularity.

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش مهارت های یادگیری وحل مسأله اجتماعی درخلاقیت اجتماعی دانش آموزان دوره ابتدایی بود. پژوهش به شیوه همبستگی انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری دانش آموزان ابتدایی شهرستان کهنوج استان کرمان به تعداد11568 نفر بودند. شرکت کنندگان پژوهش271نفر(شامل146دخترو133پسر) از دانش آموزان پنجم و ششم ابتدایی بودند که باروش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای انتخاب شدند. ابزارپژوهش مقیاس مهارت های یادگیری(احمدی،1396)، سیاهه حل مسأله اجتماعی( دیزوریلا ونزو،2002) و تکلیف خلاقیت اجتماعی(ماچیراد و لیوبرت،2002) بود. برای تعیین پایایی و روایی از روش آلفای کرونباخ و همبستگی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد رابطه معناداری بین خلاقیت اجتماعی با مشاهده(۰۵/۰p≤ ، ۱۴/۰=r)ِ، فرضیه سازی(۰۱/۰p≤ ، ۳۵/۰=r)، تفسیر(۰۵/۰p≤ ، ۱۱/۰=r)ِ وبرقراری ارتباط(۰۱/۰p≤ ، ۲۱/۰=r)ِ وجود دارد. بین خلاقیت اجتماعی و حل مسأله سازنده(۰۱/۰p≤ ، ۳۴/۰=r)ِ و حل مسأله غیرسازنده(۰۱/۰p≤ ۲۸/۰-=r) همبستگی وجوددارد. نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد فرضیه سازی 26 درصدو فرضیه سازی و مهارت برقراری بایکدیگر 32درصداز واریانس خلاقیت اجتماعی راپیش بینی نمودند. حل مسأله سازنده 35 درصد و حل مسأله سازنده و حل مسأله غیرسازنده بایکدیگر38 درصد از واریانس خلاقیت اجتماعی راتبیین نمودند. درنهایت رگرسیون همزمان نشان داددر مجموع مهارت های یادگیری و حل مسأله اجتماعی، 30 درصد واریانس خلاقیت اجتماعی را از طریق فرضیه سازی، برقراری ارتباط و حل مسأله سازنده تبیین نمودند. براساس یافته های پژوهش خلاقیت اجتماعی بعنوان متغیری که برگرفته از توانمندی شناختی افراد در حل مسائل اجتماعی است از طریق دو متغیر مهارت های یادگیری وحس مسأله اجتماعی قابل تبیین است.

مطالعه حاضر با هدف رابطه انسجام روانی و تحمل پریشانی با گرایش به رفتارهای پرخطر در دانش آموزان متوسطه دوم شهرستان انار انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. بر این اساس تعداد 302 نفر به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به پرسشنامه رفتار پرخطر (زاده محمدی و همکاران، 1386) و پرسشنامه های احساس انسجام آنتونوسکی (1987) و تحمل پریشانی سیمونز و گاهر (2005) پاسخ دادند. از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، همبستگی کانونی و رگرسیون گام به گام جهت تحلیل داده ها استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان داد رابطه بین تحمل پریشانی با رفتار پرخطر و مولفه های گرایش به مواد مخدر، گرایش به الکل، منفی و معنی دار است، همچنین رابطه بین انسجام روانی با رفتار پرخطر و مولفه های گرایش به رانندگی خطرناک، گرایش به خشنونت، گرایش به سیگار، گرایش به مواد مخدر، گرایش به الکل، گرایش به رابطه و رفتار جنسی و گرایش به رابطه با جنس مخالف، منفی و معنی دار است. نتایج نشان داد که از طریق تقویت انسجام روانی و تحمل پریشانی می توان گرایش به رفتارهای پرخطر را در دانش آموزان کاهش داد.