درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study aimed to investigate the role of managers' information interpretation on cost behavior. The locative domain of this research is the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2014-2020 and through systematic elimination method, 112 companies have been selected as statistical sample. Managers' information interpretation is considered as an independent variable and cost behavior is considered a dependent variable. The current research is applied research, and if the classification of types of re-searches be considered based on the nature and method, the method of the present study is essentially descriptive in terms of the nature, and in terms of the method is considered in correlation researches category. In this study, library method was used to collect data. In the research data section, data was collected through collecting data of sample companies by referring to financial statements, explanatory notes and stock exchange magazine. In order to describe and summarize the data collected, the descriptive and inferential statistics are used. In order to analyze the data, variance heterogeneity pre-test, F Leimer test, Hausman test and Jarque-Bera test and then multivariate regression test were used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (EVIEWS software). The results showed that the extent of effectiveness of managers’ information interpretation factors, including changes in managers' consensus on profit, changes in public profit information, changes in private profit information, and changes in bias in profit forecasting on cost behavior in potentially competitive conditions are different from de facto competition. The results obtained in this research are consistent with the documents mentioned in the research theoretical framework and financial literature.

Purpose of this research is Predicting Stock Price Crash Risk with a Deep Learning Approach from Artificial Intelligence and Comparing its Efficiency with Classical Predicting Methods. This research is post-event correlation type and practical in terms of purpose. The research data were extracted from the website of the Stock Exchange Organization and Codal website. The risk variable of crashing stock prices was introduced as a predictor. 3200 obser-vations were obtained from 10-year data of 320 companies between 2012 and 2021. In the following, 29 variables were identified as variables that can affect the risk of crashing stock prices. Statistical methods such as unit root test, composite data, Hausman test and variance heterogeneity test were used. Next, the top 10 algorithms in the field of deep learning were selected and used to model the mentioned variables with the CNN method. Python, Eviews and Excel software were used in this research. Examining the performance of different deep learning algorithms shows that the convolutional neural network method performs better compared to other algorithms and can improve the prediction accuracy. Therefore, it is suggested to use this algorithm in reviewing econometric data and especially predicting the risk of crashing stock prices.

This research sought to assess the integrated impact of CLT (Communicative Language Teaching) and PLT (Pragmatic Language Teaching) on language competency, pragmatic awareness, and cultural competence. The study used a mixed-methods methodology, integrating both pre- and post-tests, questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations, in addition to technological tools to enhance learning experiences in 150 advanced EFL students from five Iranian universities. The results obtained from repeated measures ANOVA and t-tests demonstrated that the integrated use of CLT and PLT approach leads to a considerable enhancement in language proficiency, pragmatic awareness, and cultural competence, when compared to the utilization of either method individually. Qualitative findings demonstrated a notable rise in student self-assurance, enhanced comprehension of different cultures, and heightened levels of involvement. The results highlight the efficacy of combining Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Pragmatic Language Teaching (PLT) through the use of technology to improve global language training. The study's findings emphasize the necessity of providing instructor training in both strategies, developing a curriculum that effectively combines communicative and pragmatic features, and doing additional research to understand the long-term effects of integrated language teaching approaches. The research enhances our understanding of how the integration of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Pragmatic Language Teaching (PLT) might optimize language learning consequences and better equip students for real-life communication.

Visually impaired individuals have higher risk of injuries particularly in sports like goalball. It is specifically designed for the visually impaired people. It is imperative to prevent injuries prior to their occurrence for avoiding negative effects on sporting success, financial losses, and motivation. This study was aimed to determin the Epidemiology and Associated Factors of Sports Injuries in Iranian Goalball Athletes. This study is a descriptive-correlational and retrospective research. A total of 205 male and female goalball athletes, aged between 18 and 50 years, completed the injury registration form. The Fuller et al. injury registration form was utilized for data collection. The information gathered included injury prevalence, injury mechanisms, injury severity, injury incidence across different anatomical regions, injury timing (training/competition), and injury type (acute or chronic). Frequency and percentage were used to assess injury prevalence, and the Chi-square test was employed to analyze relationships between variables. The highest prevalence of injuries was related to contusions and bruises (28.3%), while fractures and dislocations had the lowest prevalence (3.9%). No significant relationship was found between sports injury prevalence and factors such as age group, activity history, activity level, and sports class. The knee exhibited the highest frequency of local and overall anatomical injuries (19.5%), while the sole of the foot had the lowest frequency (1.0%). The most common types of injuries were facial and cheek abrasions, cuts, and wounds (8.3%), followed by wrist and shoulder muscle strains, each affecting 15 athletes (7.3%). Regarding injury mechanisms, the most fre

Female heads of households face various psychological and social challenges that significantly impact their lives. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of an intervention focused on teaching problem-solving and decision-making skills on the critical thinking abilities of female heads of households. This research employed a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures, including a control group. The study population comprised all female heads of households under the jurisdiction of the Welfare organization of Meybod city. Thirty participants were selected via purposive sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group (15 participants per group). The experimental group underwent a ten-session training program on problem-solving and decision-making skills, while the control group received no intervention. Both groups completed the California Critical Thinking Questionnaire before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The findings revealed that teaching problem-solving and decision-making skills significantly enhanced critical thinking among participants in the experimental group. This effect was observed across all three subscales of critical thinking (p < .01). These results suggest that instructing problem-solving and decision-making skills can effectively enhance the quality of critical thinking among female-headed households.