درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Pregnancy can be a special but potentially stressful time for women. The routine life of female athletes who become pregnant may be challenged, and professional athletes may be more likely to experience psychological disorders during this time.Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the stress, anxiety, and depression levels in professional and novice pregnant athletes.Materials and Methods: 106 female volleyball players (42 professional and 64 novices) were selected as the research sample, based on their competitive levels and study participation criteria. Data were collected using a personal information form and the DASS-21 questionnaire developed by Lovibond 1995.Results: The results of the MANOVA test showed that pregnant professional athletes had significantly higher levels of stress and depression compared to pregnant novice athletes (P≤0.05). Although professional athletes had higher levels of anxiety than novice female athletes, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on this scale (P≤ 0.05).Conclusion: It seems that female athletes at high competitive levels experience increased psychological challenges because of the added responsibilities of motherhood, in addition to their sports commitments. It is recommended to prioritize physical and psychological interventions and strategies to enhance the mental well-being of these individuals.

This study investigates the pragmastylistic features employed in English and Arabic religious texts, with a specific focus on the concept of rewarding. Drawing on Narmin Abbas Lutfi Baqqal's PhD dissertation, the research examines the pragmatic and stylistic characteristics of rewarding in Biblical and Prophetic Hadith texts. The study addresses two primary research questions: (1) What are the pragmastylistic features used in English and Arabic religious texts to convey rewarding? (2) Which pragmatic and stylistic features are more prevalent in these texts? By analyzing 20 Biblical verses and 20 Prophetic Hadiths, the paper identifies the linguistic and rhetorical devices used to express rewarding, highlighting both similarities and differences between the two languages. The findings reveal that both texts employ declarative and imperative speech acts, deixis, and figurative language, but with distinct stylistic preferences. This study contributes to the fields of pragmatics, stylistics, and religious discourse analysis, offering insights into how language shapes religious messages across different cultural and linguistic contexts.

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This article examines the moral principles and norms required by legislators, particularly parliamentarians, from the perspective of Islamic teachings, which is significant for crafting appropriate codes of conduct. It aims to differentiate the unique professional ethics requirements for parliamentarians within a religious democratic context like the Islamic Republic of Iran. Additionally, it identifies potential conflicts or synergies between Islamic ethics and global ethical standards. METHOD & FINDING: The approach includes a comparative analysis, looking at contemporary practices of ethical code development, alongside a focused review of Islamic religious texts and their interpretations regarding moral governance. Key findings suggest that trustworthiness, confidentiality, consultation, and adherence to the law stand out as crucial ethical obligations. Moreover, the article highlights the potential pitfalls of not adhering to these ethical standards, such as the loss of public trust and the erosion of the legislative body's effectiveness. The approach includes a comparative analysis, looking at contemporary practices of ethical code development, alongside a focused review of Islamic religious texts and their interpretations regarding moral governance. Key findings suggest that trustworthiness, confidentiality, consultation, and adherence to the law stand out as crucial ethical obligations. Moreover, the article highlights the potential pitfalls of not adhering to these ethical standards, such as the loss of public trust and the erosion of the legislative body's effectiveness.CONCLUSION: The development of a comprehensive moral framework for parliamentarians is not only a foundational step in enhancing the integrity of governance but also crucial for maintaining public trust and accountability. Islamic teachings provide a robust foundation for these ethical norms, emphasizing the importance of moral conduct in leadership roles. By adhering to these principles, legislators can ensure more effective governance and a greater alignment with the public's interests, which ultimately strengthens the overall democratic structure.

 SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This paper examines the cognitive challenges "Generation Z" faces and offers guidance based on Islamic teachings to address these issues.METHOD & FINDING: Utilizing a descriptive and analytical approach, the article identifies key challenges as the virtual-real-life imbalance, susceptibility to gaslighting, information overload, the pursuit of instant gratification, and a diminished attention span. Islamic teachings offer practical solutions to these challenges. The paper is based on Cognitive-Behavioural Theory (CBT) as its theoretical framework.CONCLUSION:   From an Islamic perspective, practical strategies for enhancing the cognitive well-being of this generation include appreciating the value of time, fostering self-awareness, promoting Wasaṭīyyah (moderation), cultivating Ṣilah ar-Raḥim (genuine relationships) especially with family, regulating desires, verifying information before acceptance, seeking beneficial knowledge, managing time effectively, practicing self-reflection, encouraging critical thinking, developing patience, expressing gratitude, practicing Khushūʾ (mindfulness in worship), reciting and contemplating the Qur’an, avoiding excessive entertainment, engaging in social interaction, and seeking guidance from scholars. The mentioned factors are crucial in overcoming the challenges encountered by Generation Z.

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: The paper delves into the event of Patriarch Abraham’s intended sacrifice of his ‘Only Son’ on Mount Moriah. The study aims to determine the true identity of the ‘Only Son’ based on biblical verses.METHOD & FINDING: Using a descriptive-analytical methodology, the research examines relevant Biblical texts and commentaries. It compares the sacrifice event to other significant occurrences, including the birth chronology of Abraham’s sons, God’s covenant regarding his offspring, the status of firstborns in the Old Testament, and Abraham’s love for his son Ishmael. Through this analysis, the study concludes that the ‘Only Son’ ordered for sacrifice was Abraham’s firstborn, Ishmael, rather than Isaac.CONCLUSION: Through a detailed examination of biblical verses and related events, this study sheds light on the identity of the ‘Only Son’ in Abraham’s sacrifice. Contrary to popular belief, the evidence points to Ishmael, Abraham’s firstborn, as the son chosen for sacrifice on Mount Moriah. This conclusion challenges traditional interpretations and invites further exploration into the nuances of this pivotal moment in religious history.

The present study is focused on the behavioral challenges faced by managers in the Islamic revolution and aims to provide solutions to overcome them. The main question that this article seeks to answer is ‘How Ayatollah Khamenei justifies these challenges and what solutions Imam Khomeini proposes to address them?’ To achieve this, the article employs a tripartite model and method of conceptual analysis and text interpretation to presents the statements of the leader and Imam Khomeini in a structured manner. The tripartite model is an analytical tool that examines organizational and management theories in terms of productivity, which has three dimensions: Structural, contextual, and behavioral. However, the present paper acknowledges that one of the fundamental challenges of desirable management in the Islamic revolution is ignoring the strategic and intangible human capital in terms of behavioral necessities. Therefore, the study focuses only on the role and impact of behavioral challenges of managers in the organization of the Islamic republic system according to the leader of the Islamic revolution and proposes solutions to overcome these challenges based on Imam Khomeini's principles. In Ayatollah Khamenei's political thought, behavioral challenges of human resources can be identified and examined in three areas: cognitive, ethical, and jurisprudential. According to Imam Khomeini, the solution to these behavioral challenges is through appropriate upbringing of intellectual, emotional, and physical layers of existence. This approach is classified in to three categories of "Ideological Education," "Ethical Education," and "Jurisprudential Education," which fall under the broad category of "Educational Dimensions" of behavioral (human resource) management. To accomplish this research, a descriptive-explanatory method is used, and data collection is library-based.