محمدمهدی چگینی

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES:  This paper critically examines Western, happiness-oriented theories through the framework of Islamic ethics. It aims to compare the conceptualization and pursuit of happiness in the works of Greek philosophers (Plato, Aristotle) and contemporary Western thinkers (Marcuse, Rand) with the perspectives of Muslim philosophers (Fārābī, Ibn Miskawayh, Ṭūsī). METHOD & FINDING:  Using an analytical-descriptive approach, the study conducts a comparative analysis of the concept of happiness in selected philosophical traditions. The findings reveal that each thinker offers distinct interpretations of human nature, collective life, and the relationship with transcendence. Additionally, the influence of the socio-economic and cultural context of the contemporary West on happiness is highlighted. In contrast, Muslim philosophers present a more holistic view, linking happiness to spirituality and moral transcendence.   CONCLUSION:  The study concludes by emphasizing the need to revisit and revive certain concepts proposed by Muslim philosophers in the modern world. Reintegrating these Islamic perspectives could address the shortcomings of Western theories in defining and achieving human happiness.

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This article examines the moral principles and norms required by legislators, particularly parliamentarians, from the perspective of Islamic teachings, which is significant for crafting appropriate codes of conduct. It aims to differentiate the unique professional ethics requirements for parliamentarians within a religious democratic context like the Islamic Republic of Iran. Additionally, it identifies potential conflicts or synergies between Islamic ethics and global ethical standards. METHOD & FINDING: The approach includes a comparative analysis, looking at contemporary practices of ethical code development, alongside a focused review of Islamic religious texts and their interpretations regarding moral governance. Key findings suggest that trustworthiness, confidentiality, consultation, and adherence to the law stand out as crucial ethical obligations. Moreover, the article highlights the potential pitfalls of not adhering to these ethical standards, such as the loss of public trust and the erosion of the legislative body's effectiveness. The approach includes a comparative analysis, looking at contemporary practices of ethical code development, alongside a focused review of Islamic religious texts and their interpretations regarding moral governance. Key findings suggest that trustworthiness, confidentiality, consultation, and adherence to the law stand out as crucial ethical obligations. Moreover, the article highlights the potential pitfalls of not adhering to these ethical standards, such as the loss of public trust and the erosion of the legislative body's effectiveness.CONCLUSION: The development of a comprehensive moral framework for parliamentarians is not only a foundational step in enhancing the integrity of governance but also crucial for maintaining public trust and accountability. Islamic teachings provide a robust foundation for these ethical norms, emphasizing the importance of moral conduct in leadership roles. By adhering to these principles, legislators can ensure more effective governance and a greater alignment with the public's interests, which ultimately strengthens the overall democratic structure.