فرهاد پورکیوان

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES:  Educating an intact generation in line with the educational standards of the jurisprudence of the Ahlul Bayt is among the functions of the family in Islam. In this respect, verses and traditions denote imposing obligations on parents. Families’ probable lack of cognition with responsibilities on this important issue is considered among the blemishes of the contemporary age. Excluding the problem from the intra-textual issues in jurisprudential books toward an independent paper is regarded as an applied, fundamental, and necessary objective. METHOD & FINDING:  Employing an analytical qualitative method with a critical approach, this study systematically evaluates the validity of children's proxy worship, citing Qur'anic verses and traditions, within the framework of Imamiyah jurisprudence.  The findings reveal a nuanced position: children's acts of worship by proxy in obligatory devotional acts are not valid for discharging the obligation of the person represented, as no decisive proof exists to extend such validity to discerning children. However, in recommended and supererogatory acts, dedicating the reward to parents is fully valid. Beyond the jurisprudential ruling, this practice carries significant educational impacts, including creating spiritual affinity, facilitating internalization of religious values, fostering responsibility, establishing emotional connections with worship, strengthening religious identity, and preparing children for direct assumption of obligations at puberty. CONCLUSION:  Accordingly, children’s acts of worship are legalized in Islamic Shari’a, and their performing by proxy is merely valid if done through dedicating the reward, i.e., in respect of canceling obligations, it is inadequate for one being represented. This gradual, love-based mechanism empowers parents to fulfill their duty of religious education through observation and emotional engagement. The practice cultivates stable religious identity and fortifies future generations against cultural challenges.

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This article examines the moral principles and norms required by legislators, particularly parliamentarians, from the perspective of Islamic teachings, which is significant for crafting appropriate codes of conduct. It aims to differentiate the unique professional ethics requirements for parliamentarians within a religious democratic context like the Islamic Republic of Iran. Additionally, it identifies potential conflicts or synergies between Islamic ethics and global ethical standards. METHOD & FINDING: The approach includes a comparative analysis, looking at contemporary practices of ethical code development, alongside a focused review of Islamic religious texts and their interpretations regarding moral governance. Key findings suggest that trustworthiness, confidentiality, consultation, and adherence to the law stand out as crucial ethical obligations. Moreover, the article highlights the potential pitfalls of not adhering to these ethical standards, such as the loss of public trust and the erosion of the legislative body's effectiveness. The approach includes a comparative analysis, looking at contemporary practices of ethical code development, alongside a focused review of Islamic religious texts and their interpretations regarding moral governance. Key findings suggest that trustworthiness, confidentiality, consultation, and adherence to the law stand out as crucial ethical obligations. Moreover, the article highlights the potential pitfalls of not adhering to these ethical standards, such as the loss of public trust and the erosion of the legislative body's effectiveness.CONCLUSION: The development of a comprehensive moral framework for parliamentarians is not only a foundational step in enhancing the integrity of governance but also crucial for maintaining public trust and accountability. Islamic teachings provide a robust foundation for these ethical norms, emphasizing the importance of moral conduct in leadership roles. By adhering to these principles, legislators can ensure more effective governance and a greater alignment with the public's interests, which ultimately strengthens the overall democratic structure.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution, led by the Imam Khomeini, kicked off a new era in interaction between the clergy and the government; an interaction which has taken shape and been institutionalized at different levels of regulation, legislation and execution, and for sure within the framework of the views of the Leader of the Islamic Revolution and adopted laws. The Imam Khomeini's views about government-clergy interaction bears significance from two aspects; First and foremost, he was instrumental in the emergence of the Islamic Revolution and the ensuing establishment of the Islamic Republic, and also the stabilization of the role of leadership; Second, the criteria he has defined about clergy-government interaction could be an acceptable index for the assessment of their status quo. METHOD AND FINDING : The methodology of this article originally pursues an approach based on text analysis and hermeneutics although historical analysis is incorporated. For this reason, this article seeks to know the model of clergy-government interaction which is sketched out based on the Imam Khomeini's standpoint and specifically his 22-volume Sahifeh. The research hypothesis is that the model of clergy-government interaction preached by the Imam Khomeini relies on religious beliefs and the structure of an Islamic society with a view to monitoring the government and guiding people and making the life for its nation (Ommat) meaningful. CONCLUSION : The results of the research showed that this article highlights the Shia ideology before discussing the standing of the supreme authority on religious matters (Marja'), Shia political discourse and the process of its formation throughout different periods, as well as the new potentialities of the Islamic Revolution like institution of supreme clerical rule (Velayat-e Faqih) and religious democracy which is an influential factor in the formation and development of the Shia political discourse.