درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

One of the most important parts of the green supply chain management (GSCM) is the green supplier. The green supplier selection process has a vague nature. Therefore, specific approaches, such as fuzzy, are necessary during their evaluation. On the other hand, the choice of a coherent and integrated strategy is vital to achieve lean and green production. Accordingly, the present study aimed to select suppliers based on lean green production indicators by goal programming, fuzzy DEMATEL and quality performance expansion. The statistical population of this study consisted of personnel (managers, assistants and experts) with 16 managers and assistants and 46 experts. In this research, the Cochran formula (including error percentage of 5%) was used to determine the number of statistical samples. Accordingly, 53 experts from Pars Khodro Company participated as a sample (by simple random sampling method). In order to analyze the data, fuzzy DEMATEL methods, expansion of fuzzy performance quality and goal programming were used. According to the findings of the present study, continuous improvement to achieve lean green indicators is the main element of the production system at Pars Khodro Company. The important aspect of determining how much damage would be bestowed on the best supplier, so that it would be possible to determine the least amount of damage in sum, was reviewed in this section. In other words, the lowest possible losses are based on the suffering of the current  losses, the supplier and in which level of losses it has the most optimal status.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have become a vital factor for national competitiveness and firms and companies, and the world is increasingly moving towards a knowledge-based economy. Innovation and technological changes are strongly influenced by the country/place where they occur. The main purpose of this study is to present the framework of SME innovation strategy with the approach of the fourth generation industry in Iran, which has been done using the GT method i.e a blend of qualitative and quantitative methods. The research population includes small and medium businesses and industrial townships in Tehran. The method of data collection in the qualitative part is the interview and in the quantitative part a questionnaire. The findings show that the innovation strategy framework in SME in the fourth industrial revolution is one of the causal factors with 5 components including small and medium businesses, organization maturity model, digitization, rules and regulations and innovation strategy. The results consist of 8 sub-components, which can be enumerated as market development, increasing exports, increasing productivity, creating added value, improving financial credits, training work managers, entrepreneurship and finally creating employment. The results show that the program factors have an effect on the facilitating factors; the causal factors on the innovation framework; the informational factors on the obstacles; supervisory and control factors on facilitating factors; barriers on the innovation framework; ; Financial resources have an effect on obstacles, consequences on innovation framework and structural factors on obstacles in small and medium enterprises. In our country, despite the fact that more than 59% of all production units are included in the EMS small and medium industries group,  these companies have not gained a significant share in the national gross product and creating added value and are suffering from severe shortages. While small and medium-sized companies can move away from the traditional focus on the product and take steps in the development of product innovation by using the fourth generation industry and new technology, creating a strategy and coming up with new products and services  will create more added value; The formulation of the strategy for any organization calls for an innovative point of view .