درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This descriptive research was conducted using the systematic review method to investigate the position of digital leisure in Iran. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the theses, dissertations, and articles published in Iran. After searching, screening, and the qualitative evaluation of the research studies, 283 research were selected for the study. A researcher-developed data collection form was used to review the studies. The results indicate that the process of the production and publication of research studies in the area of digital leisure goes back to 2001, and it has been in progress since then. 84% of these research studies were conducted in the 2010s. The geographical distribution of these studies includes 25 provinces across Iran. 66% were journal articles and the remaining 34% were in the form of theses. 77% of the research studies adopted the quantitative approach, while 23% were qualitative and mixed-method studies. The analysis and the interpretation of the findings showed that a large body of theoretical literature and the main concepts used in the research emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of digital leisure and its special application in sports, education, culture, social sciences, economy, entertainment, and psychology. As a result, all three groups of managers, producers, and researchers must approach this area more than ever before from an applied perspective for the proper utilization of the cultural, economic, educational, and athletic aspects of digital leisure.

This study examines how gamification mechanics could be used in online retailers' loyalty programs. In other words, this article attempts to create a conceptual model for the relationship between gamification mechanics and customer loyalty elements. We used a field study to conduct our research. In order to validate the survey, 450 customers from one of the greatest online stores in Iran were questioned. The results of this survey were used to validate our 11 phrases on the relationship between gamification mechanics and customer loyalty. The results were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and model fitness tests in structural equations modeled in the Lisrel software. According to the research findings, the relationship between variables and the proposed conceptual model was confirmed. Based on the performed analysis, all 11 phrases were verified .

Glassmaking traces its history back to antiquity as is the case with several other crafts in Iran. The craft would culminate under the Sassanian rule, when an assortment of receptacles in different sizes, shapes, and functions came into popular use. The present study examines a sample of 29 pieces of Sassanian glass objects preserved in the Sanandaj Archaeological Museum. Deriving from clandestine excavations, no previous research has investigated these pieces. This descriptive and historical-analytical study draws upon comparisons with related museum objects and library research. The questions are: Which excavated sites in the Sassanian territory are to be examined for comparanda? What are the manufacturing techniques of the objects in question? To which part of the Sassanian time span do they date? What are the common forms as well as their functions and decorations? The sample appears to compare with the material from Mesopotamia (Tell Mahuz, Abu Skhair, Barghuthiat, and Kish) and Veh Ardashir, which were major centers of glass production at the time. The pieces were manufactured in free-blowing and mold-blowing techniques. Bowls are the common form, followed by bottles, unguentaria, juglets, and jars for ritual, cosmetic, and practical functions. The major decorations detected on the study sample include applied trails and facet cutting. The pieces can be assigned to two consecutive chronological extents: The first spans the onset of the Sassanian period (2nd century AD) to the 4th century AD, and the second encompasses the 4th century AD to the demise of the empire. Dispersion of such objects across the Sassanian Empire suggests that glassware represented a trade item at that time.