درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This paper investigates the design of an efficient model so as to anticipate the basic economic market rate of returns. To do so, accepting the relationships, interactions and effectiveness of these markets and exploiting Comonotonic Functions under Probability Function Framework as well as using weekly data for ten years’ period of time(2008-2017) in Iran’s economy we design optimum model and test its capability and estimation power. The results illustrate the efficiency of the achieved model. Furthermore, taking the practical nature of this paper into account, we come up with optimum lag of time and the period of time required to achieve equilibrium in any market and the entire economy as a prototype in the frame of Stock Exchange.

Russian military deployment in Syria should not be considered as the core goal of Moscow’s diplomacy but its instrument. It is also a serious mistake to present Russian efforts in the country as the result of a game of “chicken” between Moscow and the West. Moscow is playing a different type of game that could be characterized as “geostrategic poker”, where the Assad regime is logically considered Russia’s main stake. This stake allows the Russians to influence the situation on the ground and demonstrate their importance in the international arena by positioning Moscow as one of those players without whom the Syrian question cannot be solved. By increasing military support to the Syrian government the Russian authorities simply strengthened their stake. Now they are starting to reveal their hand. The latest developments also show that Russian stance on Syria is determined by the interplay of the complex factors among which the growing security concerns are of the main importance. The Kremlin is worried that the fall of Assad will inevitably bring radical Islamists to power in Syria. This, in turn, will lead to the further destabilisation of the situation in the Middle East inevitably affecting the Muslim regions of Russia. At the same time, this does not mean that Moscow supports Bashar Assad as a person. On the contrary, the Kremlin accepts the possibility of the post-Assad Syria and Russian contacts with the Syrian opposition also demonstrate that Moscow is open to the dialogue. By September 2015, on the eve of Russia’s dramatic military moves, the Kremlin feared that Assad’s regime was on the verge of collapse. The assessment was that the existing levels of military, technological, and financial assistance by Russia to the Syrian regime would only prolong its agony and not save it. Moscow could not afford losing its stake in the Middle East. Intervention was based on a choice between a “bad” and a “very bad” scenario: either a costly military operation to support Assad, or doing nothing as his power crumbled. The Russian leadership was also motivated in part by its perception of what had happened in Libya and Iraq, where—in its view—nothing good came of the complete destruction of the old regimes. It did not want to see the same happen to Syria as, from the Kremlin point of view, this would mean the turning of Syria into another regional source of instability and jihadist threat..

Contemporary architecture by symbolic and visual design creates an image in the minds of tourists so that these images are then converted to urban brands. Combining symbolic monuments and modern buildings in the world today is a promising development of cities in many municipalities, municipalities and government agencies to freely and without regard to the needs of their local employs all the resources and capital to meet their local needs of foreign tourists in order to cope with the global tourism and earn easy money. This study discusses the importance of residential leisure complex architectural impact on the tourism industry tried using smooth transition regression (STR) and annual data from 1978 to 2007 time period attempts to exامینe the impact of a residential entertainment complex nonlinear architecture tourism infrastructure in the tourism industry. Results confirm the impact of tourism on nonlinearity residential resort complex architecture that entertainment complex architecture has resided in both the positive and significant effect on the tourism industry during the period. It should be noted that a threshold value of tourism infrastructure is set 608/20 percent. In addition, the results showed that the release rate of exchange is a significant positive effect on tourism in Iran.

Objective: Today, work as a social identity plays an important role in success, health, and well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of self-determined motivation with psychological, life, and workplace well-being. Method: The participants of this study consisted of 246 employees of Marun Oil and Gas Producing Company in Khuzestan in 2020, who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instruments used in the study were Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (Gagné et al., 2015), and Employee Well-being Scale (Zheng et al., 2015). Canonical correlation and multiple regression analysis through SPSS-24 were used for data analysis. Results: Findings showed that among the three dimensions of self-determined motivation, autonomous motivation with a structural coefficient of 0.94 and among the components of employee well-being, workplace well-being with a structural coefficient of 0.99, had the maximum relationship with the first canonical variable resulting from independent and dependent variables. According to the results of simultaneous regression analysis, autonomous motivation was the most important predictor for psychological well-being (β=0.45, p=0.000), life well-being (β=0.30, p=0.001), and workplace well-being (β=0.45, p=0.000). Amotivation could predict workplace well-being (β= -0.34, p=0.000). However, controlled motivation could not predict any component of employee well-being. Conclusion: Based on the findings, autonomous motivation was the most important predictor of psychological, life, and workplace well-being. Therefore, it is recommended that organizations provide opportunity for development of this type of motivation.

Purpose: Cyber social networks and cyberspace are like a double-edged sword that brings favorable and unfavorable consequences. The advantages cannot prevent us from neglecting its dangerous disadvantages that disregard the ethical principles and community values. The present research has been carried out to explain the factors related to the implementation of cyber social network policies in Iran with the social responsibility approach. Methodology: The research is descriptive and also developmental-practical in terms of objective. Three researcher-made questionnaires including the questionnaires of related factors, social responsibility and the implementation level of social network policies were used to collect data. The validity of questionnaires was approved according to the opinion of professors and experts. As well, the reliability was confirmed using the Cronbach alpha. The statistical population of this study includes two categories: the first group consists of experts selected by purposive non-random sampling method; the second group consists of experts in the field of cyberspace, cyber social networks, media and general issues selected by quota sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS. Findings: The research results showed that among the relationships between factors related to the implementation of cyber social network policies in Iran, the technical factor had been identified as the most important external factor and the structural factors as the most important internal factor. The implementation level of cyber social network policies and social responsibility is lower than moderate. Discussion: According to the results of the model fit analysis as well as the experts’ opinion, it can be concluded that the designed model is not sufficiently effective.

Financial assessment has been of great interest to both academic and practitioners in the past decades. Among several performance assessment approaches, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has become one of the crucial tools that have been commonly adopted to financially evaluate firms in various fields. The main aim of this review article is to review of DEA models in regarding to evaluation of the financial performance. This paper presents the first comprehensive and structured literature review of the use of DEA models for financially assessment. To this end, this paper reviewed and summarized the different models of DEA models that have been applied around the world to development of financial assessment problems. Consequently, a review of 455 published scholarly papers appearing in 160 journals between 1994 and 2021 have been obtained to achieve a comprehensive review of DEA application in financial efficiency. Accordingly, the selected articles have been categorized based on year of publication, authors, nationalities, scope of study, time duration, application area, study purpose, results, outcomes, etc. The discussion and the findings of this paper can be used as a guideline to analysts to determine the best fit financial assessment method when DEA evaluation is applied to any dataset. Future perspectives and challenges are discussed.