درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

هدف پژوهش حاضر ، کشف ادراکات و تجارب زیسته ی معلمان مدارس ابتدایی شهر شیراز از رهبری آموزشی بود . طرح پژوهش کیفی و روش پژوهش پدیدارشناسی بود . مشارکت کنندگان بالقوه پژوهش حاضر معلمان مدارس ابتدایی شهر شیراز بودند ، که با رویکرد نمونه گیری هدفمند با تکنیک معیار ، 23 نفر از معلمان مدارس ابتدایی جهت کشف ادراکات و دیدگاه آنها نسبت به رهبری آموزشی انتخاب شدند . انتخاب مشارکت کنندگان بر مبنای اشباع نظری و ابزار مورد استفاده جهت جمع آوری اطلاعات مصاحبه ی نیمه ساختاریافته بود. برای سنجش اعتبار اولیه داده ها از معیارهای قابل قبول بودن و قابلیت اعتماد بودن داده های کیفی استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از روش تحلیل مضمون استفاده شد. پس از کدگذاری اطلاعات با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون، دوازده مضمون پایه، سه مضمون سازمان دهنده و یک مضمون فراگیراستخراج شد. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد، برخی از مولفه های رهبری آموزشی در مدارس ابتدایی شهر شیراز ویژگی های سازمانی مانند: تأمین امکانات آموزشی، توانمندسازی معلمان، توجه به نیازهای روان شناختی دانش آموزان و ویژگی های آموزشی مانند: پیشرفت تحصیلی، برگزاری اردوها و مراسم ها، همکاری در کلاس داری و ویژگی های شخصیتی مانند: حل مسئله، روابط همراه با احترام، حق طلبی می باشند. یافته های پژوهش حاضر می تواند مقدمه ای برای توجه و شناخت بیشتر درخصوص رهبری آموزشی و بهسازی وضعیت موجود باشد.

Malware attack is growing day by day in cyberspace. And Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is also facing a hazardous type of situation due to attack of malware (malicious code, virus, worm etc.). Malwares target sensor nodes easily because, nodes are equipped with limited resources. Hence, security of WSN against malware attack is one of the imperative requisite. Malware spreads in the entire network wirelessly, which initiates from single infectious node and spread in the whole WSN. In this way the complete network comes under the security threat. Therefore, it is mandatory to apply the security technique through which to secure WSN against malware attacks. To secure WSN due to malware attacks a quarantine based model has been proposed. The proposed model consists of various epidemic states namely: Susceptible Carrier - Infectious - Quarantine - Recovered - Susceptible (SCIQRS). The model explained the propagation dynamics of malware in WSN and proposed a technique to prevent its propagation. The technique of quarantine along with recovery is to much effective in prevailing of malware propagation in WSN. For the determination of WSN stability and equilibrium points the expression of basic reproduction number has been obtained. Malware propagation is affected by different network parameters, which has been also discussed. The comparative investigation of proposed model has been carried out with existing model. The proposed model has been substantiated by simulation outcomes

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to identify the causes of social isolation and design a relevant model for high school students. Methodology: This was an applied study in terms of its aim and mixed-method study in terms of its implementation method (qualitative and quantitative). The study population in the qualitative section included documents and resources and educational management experts and, in the quantitative section, 180 female high-school first-year students in Gorgan during the academic year 2019-2020. According to the data saturation principle, the research population in the qualitative part included documents and resources related to social isolation and 10 educational management experts who were selected by purposive sampling. According to Cochran's formula, the study population in the quantitative section included 180 female high-school first-year students who were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected by note taking, interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire (39 items), the construct and convergent validity of which were confirmed and its reliability was obtained α=0.96 by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed by open and axial coding methods, factor analysis and structural equation modeling in MAXQDA software. Findings: The findings of the qualitative section showed that social isolation consists of six components and 40 indicators, including socio-economic anomalies (7 indicators), individual variables (9 indicators), parental role (5 indicators), strengthening social relations (6 indicators), psychological interactions (10 indicators), and family level (3 indicators). The findings of the quantitative section showed that the social isolation model had a good fit and all six components, i.e. socio-economic anomalies, individual variables, parental role, strengthening social relations, psychological interactions and family level had a significant effect on social isolation (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, sociologists can use the social isolation model designed in the present study to reduce social isolation; therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the role of effective components.

This study aims to investigate the effect of input form-focused practice on the proceduralization of English modals. It also addresses the possibility of skills becoming specific to the context of practice. A pre-test, post-test and delayed post-test design was used where the procedural knowledge was specifically operationalized through the groups‘ performance on a timed dual- task JG test, and skill-specificity through a timed dual-task completion test. Two intact classes of intermediate EFL learners were randomly assigned to an input and a control-group. The input-group received explicit grammar instruction and a combination of three input tasks. The control-group was just exposed to the identical texts followed by some questions irrelevant to the target structure. Results showed that on the post-test, the input-group outperformed the control group in both measures of procedural knowledge, and skill-specificity. The group was capable of comprehension as well as production of the target structure.