درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Over the past few years, many organizations have come to believe that the brand of their products and services is one of their most valuable assets. Therefore, it must be said that the brand is an asset that has a significant part of the value of the property of institutions and organizations. In this research, the building brand equity (BBE) from the customer's perspective and brand market performance (BMP) have been investigated and identified, selected, eventually reached the operational stage, and then evaluated how the impacts and their relationship with each other resulted in the presentation of a model that the model has been tested in the cosmetics industry in Tehran. The statistical population of this study was all customers of cosmetic products in Tehran city in 2018 who were selected by random cluster sampling method. A sample of 550 customers from ten brands, which has about 80% of the market share, was selected. In this research, the obtained data were collected through a questionnaire as well as secondary information and then tested using structural equation modeling and focal correlation analysis. Finally, all proposed structures of the research were confirmed after analyzing the factor. According to the path analysis conducted at the customer level, only two hypotheses were not approved. At the brand level, all four hypotheses were confirmed by the focal correlation analysis. Based on the findings of the research, the proposed model was confirmed by the researcher and practical and research suggestions were submitted for managers and researchers.

Purpose: One of the indicators of economic development in the countries is the participation of citizens. One of the most important issues is the participation of citizens in paying taxes. Methodology: In this research, a model for promoting popular participation in paying taxes at the Tehran Tax Administration has been addressed. This study was carried out in combination; in the qualitative section, a sample of 20 individuals was deliberately targeted at experts in the field. The qualitative tool in the research was a semi-structured interview and a small tool for a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is 384 attendants and 254 employees of the General Directorate. A random sampling method was used. According to the opinion of the professors, the tool was selected through the implementation of 30 questionnaires and the determination of Cronbach's alpha The research used in this study was exploratory factor analysis, T test, Factor Factor Analysis and Verifiable Factor Analysis, which was performed using SPSS software and Lisrel software and MonteCarloPCA program and structural equation modeling technique (SEM). Findings: The research findings show that in this study 8 factors have been discovered to increase the participation and its model has been extracted and approved by the experts. Among these factors, technological and economic have the highest value and have been introduced as the most important factor for promoting participation. Discussion: these couple therapy approaches can be used as a useful strategy for creating coherence and creating a conscious relationship to the interaction of mental elements to improve couples' relationships.

Background: Article 5 Commission of Iran’s Supreme Council for Urban Development and Architecture is a quasi-judicial authority that has a close connection with the rights of citizens. It has composed a part of the claims that most of the related lawsuits are of great importance with great amounts. There is a certain procedure for the authorities, such as the Dispute Resolution Council, which deals with claims under 20 million toman, but unfortunately, for there is no such a procedure for important cases of municipal commissions, including Article 5 Commission. Therefore, according to Article 170 of the Constitution, natural or legal entities may request the annulment of the matter against governmental and municipal regulations in the General Board of the Court. In this respect, the owners whose rights are not observed in accordance with the rules and regulations can complain to the Supreme Council's decisions in the General Board of the Court and thereby request the annulment of the Article 5 Commission’s approvals. Methodology and Objective: In the present article, the authors will review the annulment of the approvals of Article 5 Commission of Iran’s Supreme Council for Urban Development and Architecture by the Administrative Justice Court, using an analytical-descriptive research methodology as a library study through note-making method. Findings and Conclusions: In the review of the annulled approvals, it can be found that failure to observe the proprietary and the acquired rights of individuals established by the Supreme Council and Article 5 Commission during the recent years may lead to the outcome of complaints by the owners and the annulment of approvals. Finally, the annulment of the Article 5 Commission’s approvals by the Administrative Justice Court can be summarized in the following four major factors: 1. The approvals for delegating the authorities of the Article 5 Commission; 2. The approvals contrary to the urban development principles of the Article 5 Commission; 3. The approvals contrary to the Sharia of Islam; 4. The Gratuitous possession Approvals of the Article 5 Commission of Iran’s Supreme Council for Urban Development and Architecture.

During the course of the past few decades, teachers have increasingly become the center of attention in education, since their significant role in teaching contexts has been approved, and therefore their different aspects, such as reflective teaching and burnout have received great attention. This study investigated the relationship between teacher burnout, and reflective teaching among Iranian EFL teachers. To this end, 50 participants (25 males and 25 females) were selected through convenience sampling. The participants were administered Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators’ Survey and Behzadpour Reflective Teaching Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The results of the study revealed that there was a weak negative relationship between reflective teaching and burnout for male and female teachers and for both groups considered as a composite group of language teachers.