درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Today, countries around the world have come to realize that a wide range of skills, thinking skills and basic skills are needed to prepare students for an unpredictable future. To achieve this, learners must expand their awareness of themselves as thinkers and learners, practice strategies for effective thinking, and develop the thinking skills they need throughout their lives, because thinking and thinking are at the beginning of any Production and construction in the human world. The new education is trying to provide children with the necessary curriculum preparation through the various curricula. Teaching philosophy to children is one of the ways that has been considered in recent years for thinking and reasoning. Methodology: The purpose of this study was fundamental and in terms of data collection, it was a descriptive survey and it was a qualitative research in terms of content analysis and foundation data method. All elementary school students in the city of Sari were the community of research experts who had at least one elementary school teacher. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 people using snowball sampling. Findings: The results of the content analysis and dimensional data analysis method showed that teaching philosophy included teaching how to think, teaching to ask, how to ask. Emphasis on the rightness of thought, on right thinking, on the transfer of philosophical thoughts to learners. Conclusion: Involving children in teaching philosophy has both cognitive effects and increased self-esteem, self-efficacy, social intelligence, emotional intelligence and perhaps transferable skills. It is effective in reducing anxiety, enhancing positive behaviors in the classroom, promoting positive self-concept, cultivating emotional adjustment, and reducing irrational thinking

La culture de chaque groupe social se manifeste par le langage de ce groupe. Dans la littérature française, L'Assommoir est considéré comme le premier roman dans lequel Émile Zola met en œuvre le langage populaire des ouvriers parisiens pour faire un tableau très exact de la vie de la classe inférieure de la société sous le Second Empire. Mais ce qui nous intéresse, c'est la perception de la culture dominante du monde ouvrier par le langage de ce monde. Cela implique le déchiffrement des diverses expressions langagières des personnages du roman dans des situations et avec des intonations différentes. Dans cette recherche, nous étudions la relation entre la culture et le langage populaire de la classe ouvrière en nous appuyant sur la notion de Cultulangue (culture + langue). Chaque Cultulangue se compose de l'ensemble des expressions langagières et l'ensemble des Cultulangues désignent l'Extracultulangue ou la culture dominante d'une société. À cette fin, nous analysons les Cultulangues dominantes dans ce roman, comme la Cultulangue franche, irrespectueuse, déterministe et infantile. Nous essaierons ainsi de répondre à cette question si l’ensemble des Cultulangues tirées de ce roman peut nous mener vers une même Extracultulangue de ce groupe humain social ?

Predicting macroeconomic indicators is very important for policymakers and economists. Unemployment is one of the key indicators of macroeconomics that has adverse economic and social consequences. So far, many models have been proposed to predict this variable, but models in which accounting information was used to predict unemployment rate were ignored. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between aggregate cost stickiness, as one of the known variables in accounting, and unemployment rate. To this end, seasonal macro level time series data of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and macroeconomic data are analyzed in two stages from 2008:2 to 2018:1. In the first stage, the relationship between these two variables is determined by specifying a linear regression model that is estimated using the OLS method. To investigate the predictive power of this model, the RMSE criterion was estimated in two scenarios with and without aggregate cost stickiness. Secondly, the reaction of the unemployment rate in response to a shock from aggregate cost stickiness is estimated by a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and the share of this variable is measured in the fluctuations of unemployment rate. The results show that aggregate cost stickiness improves the forecast of unemployment rate in the horizon previous. Also, the shock of aggregate cost stickiness explains about 6.5 percent of unemployment rate fluctuations.