درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present study investigated the effect of eight weeks of training with a gyroscope on identifying the body position in space, the semi-dynamic balance on the ground, and Huber's device score. Two groups of 30 Air Force (IRIAF) pilots with an average age of 27 years, height of 178, and weight of 80 kg were randomly assigned to two training and control groups. The training group was exposed to eight weeks of training with the gyroscope device. The pre-test and post-test of the two groups were compared using videography, star test, and Huber's score using the statistical method of repeated measurement. In the gyro test, there was no significant difference in the detection angle of the body position in the air in any groups before and after the test. However, an increase in rotation speed was observed in the training group. In Huber's test, there was no significant change in the control group before and after. However, in the training group, an improvement in the score was observed, especially in the non-superior limb, as well as a decrease in the difference in the score between the two hands. Stars were not observed in any groups before or after the test. According to the results, it can be concluded that despite the non-significance of the difference in the subjects' ejection angle and position identification in the training group, it occurred simultaneously as the rotation speed increased

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gut microbiome composition, athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery in endurance athletes following probiotic supplementation.  Method: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 40 male endurance runners (age: 28.3 ± 5.2 years) were randomly assigned to either a probiotic (n=20) or placebo (n=20) group for 8 weeks. The probiotic group received a daily supplement containing a blend of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Lactobacillus plantarum (20 billion CFU total). Fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Athletic performance was assessed through VO2max testing and time to exhaustion. Recovery was evaluated by measuring delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and creatine kinase (CK) levels. Results: The probiotic group showed a significant increase in gut microbial diversity (Shannon index: p<0.01) and relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (p<0.001). Significant improvements were observed in VO2max (4.7%, p<0.05) and time to exhaustion (7.2%, p<0.01) in the probiotic group compared to placebo. The probiotic group also demonstrated reduced DOMS (23%, p<0.05) and lower peak CK levels (18%, p<0.01) relative to the placebo group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that changes in Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium abundances were significant predictors of performance improvement (R² = 0.68, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that gut microbiome modulation through probiotic supplementation can enhance athletic performance and accelerate post-exercise recovery in endurance runners. These findings suggest that targeted manipulation of the gut microbiome may be a novel strategy for improving sports performance and recovery.

Muscle weakness and shortness have a profound effect on the length and function of the body, causing abnormal pressure on the joints and other tissues. Deficiency or increase in flexibility is a factor in the stiffness and instability of moving parts and affects the maintenance of the desired condition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the flexibility of Iranian adolescents and young people in two selected groups with healthy and spinal deformity. The statistical population of this study consisted of adolescents and young people across the country. The statistical sample consisted of 1263 girls and boys (with age range of 18-12 years old) from 5 geographical regions of the country, which could represent the whole country in terms of environment, culture, economy, and genetics and accounted for about 50% of the country's population. The flexible ruler was used to measure the arches of the spine in the sagittal plane, and the flexibility of the back and lumbar muscles, the trunk flexor muscles, and the trunk lateral flexor muscles were measured. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the flexibility of the two groups of kyphotic and kypholordotic with healthy subjects among the adolescents and young girls, and adolescent boys (P<0.05), but in the two groups, lordotic and healthy, this difference was not significant (P>0.05). The flexibility was significantly different between the gender in both the kyphotic and kypholordotic groups among adolescents (P<0.05), but in the healthy and lordotic groups was not significant (P>0.05). Finally, the results showed that there was only a significant difference between the flexibility of young girls with kyphotics and kypholordotics compared with h

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease of the skeletal system and the main cause of fractures and death in elderly people, especially postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on some serum and metabolic markers of bone mass in postmenopausal women. Methods: 24 inactive postmenopausal women with an age range of 46-58 years participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to resistance training and control groups. Before and after the training period, weight, body mass index, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, serum phosphorus and bone density of lumbar vertebrae were measured (by Dexa method). The training protocol consisted of upper and lower body resistance training in 3 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26 and independent t and paired t statistical tests. Results: The results of this research showed that the experimental group had a significant increase in the amount of alkaline phosphatase (p=0.041), serum calcium (p=0.035) and bone density of the lumbar vertebrae (p=0.11) and a significant decrease in weight compared to the control group. (p=0.035, and body mass index p=0.021). The results also showed no significant change in the amount of serum phosphorus (p=0.071). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, in order to maintain or prevent the decrease in bone density of postmenopausal women, resistance exercises can be recommended.