درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study attempted to compare typed and handwritten essays of Iranian EFL students in terms of length, spelling, and grammar. To administer the study, the researchers utilized Alice Touch Typing Tutor software to select 15 upper intermediate students with higher ability to write two essays: one typed and the other handwritten. The students were both males and females between the ages of 22 to 35. The analyses of the students’ scores in the three mentioned criteria through three paired samples t-tests indicate that typed essays are significantly better than handwritten ones in terms of length of texts and grammatical mistakes, but not significantly different in spelling mistakes. Positive effects of typing can provide a logical reason for students, especially TOEFL applicants, to spend more time on acquiring typing skill and also for teachers to encourage their students with higher typing ability to choose typed format in their essays. 

This study sought to examine the relationship between the use of formative -efficacy. Moreover, this study investigated the relationships and interactions between the EFL use of formative assessment strategies, their gender, level of experience, and sense of self-efficacy. This is a descriptive ex post facto design study which employed a three- assessment strategies f self-efficacy. In order to collect data, sixty-one EFL teachers, including thirty-one female and thirty male participants who were selected through convenience sampling, completed the questionnaire. Multiple statistical strategies were employed to analyze the research questions of the study. The use of formative assessment strategies was positively correlated with their sense of self-efficacy. However, the results of eta correlation coefficients revealed that there formative assessment strategies and two other variables of gender and level of experience. Finally, the results of a three way factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) evinced that there was no statistically significant interaction between the strategies -efficacy, their gender, and level of experience. Therefore, when the teachers become more aware of the ways to implement formative assessment strategies to inform instruction, their sense of self-efficacy can increase. This study has some implications in language testing, English pedagogy, and syllabus design and materials development.

This study focuses on realizations and discourse functions of the organizational linkers in the writing of research article abstracts from four disciplines. To this end, 120 research article abstracts from four disciplines namely, Applied Linguistics, Economics, Agriculture, and Applied Physics (30 from each discipline) were selected. All research article abstracts were extracted from empirical research articles published in international high impact journals. The corpus was analyzed adopting Gosden (1992) taxonomy. The most striking result is that the realizations and discourse functions of the organizational linkers, to a large extent, are guided by the nature of research article and discipline. This result adds substantially to the comparative understanding of research article writing across disciplines and evidences the need to tailor writing according to English for specific needs.

This study aims to investigate the semantic and syntactic features of verbs used in the introduction section of Applied Linguistics research articles published in Iranian and international journals. A corpus of 20 research article introductions (10 from each journal) was used. The corpus was analysed for the syntactic features (tense, aspect and voice) and semantic meaning of verbs. The findings showed that in both groups of introductions, the common tenses were the present and past, rather than future. In introductions published in the international journal, the present tense was used more often than in those published in the Iranian journal, whereas past tense was used twice as frequently in Iranian journal introductions. Regarding the aspect of verbs, the simple aspect was common in both groups of introductions, but more frequent in Iranian journal introductions. The perfect aspect was more common in international journal introductions. Concerning voice, the active voice was predominant in both groups of introductions. Semantically, verbs with mental, activity, communication and existence meanings were common in both groups. The semantic meanings of verbs were not significantly different in the two groups of introductions. The findings of this study can have implications for novice, non-native writers in Applied Linguistics in helping them design and write more appropriate research article introductions.

در تحقیق حاضر، محققان انجام روش های تحقیق اقدام پژوهی(action research) را که در سال های اخیر رنگ و بوی نظام مند به خود گرفته است با استناد به انجام تحقیقی در این قالب به چالش کشیده اند. در پژوهش انجام گرفته بر روی پانزده دانشجوی فارسی زبان در رشته بهداشت (خانواده و محیط)، تدریس نوشتار دانشگاهی در ژانر مقاله نویسی در مدت یک ترم تحصیلی به طریق اقدام پژوهی صورت پذیرفت. مشکلات دانشجویان 1) در انتخاب موضوع و 2) سخن پردازی در موضوعات منتخب آنان دو چالشی بود که سنجش دو نوع روایی را بر اساس مدل اندرسون (1994) شامل روایی فرایندی(process validity) و فروگشا(catalytic) برای محققان دشوار ساخت.

تحلیل بینافرهنگی کنش های گفتاری از جمله مسائل داغی بوده است که نظر پژوهشگران مختلفی را به خود جلب کرده است و تحقیقات زیادی تا امروز پیرامون این موضوع صورت گرفته است. یکی از کنش گفتاری هایی که اصلاً مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته، کنش «تبریک» می باشد. پژوهش زیر به این پرسش که آیا ملیّت افراد بر انتخاب این که چهنوعی از دسته های کنشهای گفتاری در فضای فیسبوک مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد تأثیر معنی داری دارد یا خیر می پردازد. داده های برگرفته از پیام های تبریکی که تعداد 60 ایرانی و 60 آمریکایی در فیسبوک ارسال داشته اند مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. بر اساس داده های جمع آوری شده، تعداد 7 دسته غالب و اصلی که عبارتند از: ابزار شناساندن نیروی منظور، آرزوهای خیر، جملات دعایی، شعر و قطعات ادبی، ابراز احساسات، و تمجید به دست آمدند. ضمناً، تفاوت های احتمالی بین دو گروه از لحاظ کاربرد این دسته ها نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند که معلوم شد در کاربرد 5 دسته از مقولات کنشهای گفتاری، تفاوت معنی داری بین دو گروه وجود دارد و در کاربرد دو مقوله آرزوی خیر و ابزار شناساندن نیروی منظور تفاوت مهمی مشاهده نشد.