محمدرضا یوسفی

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : Many scholars have researched “War” in the Holy Qur'an and Islam, and there is much disagreement about it. Since the Holy Qur'an is a divine book and contains valuable messages for human beings, with the help of conceptual metaphors, we can understand some of the Qur'anic conceptualizations to some extent. The present study is an attempt to study the conceptual metaphors of “Harb” in the sample bodies of the verses of the Holy Quran and its purpose is finding and understanding the conceptual metaphors of Harb in the Qur'an, their clarification and classification and then description, interpretation and explanation them. In fact, the question of this research is what kind of conceptual metaphors the Qur'an has used to objectify the abstract concept of War and how can they be explained? METHOD AND FINDING : The research is in the framework of the Charteris-Black metaphor critical analysis approach which is a qualitative research method. Therefore, with the help of the third version of the “Jami Tafasir Nour Software”, a sample body of 11 verses consisting of 9 keywords is extracted from the root of Harb. Then their conceptual metaphors were examined. Based on the findings of this study, two conceptual metaphors have been extracted in the source domain of travel and fire, from which the conceptual keys of “war is travel” and “war is fire”. CONCLUSION : Therefore, according to the above findings and research on the conceptual metaphors of “Selm”, it is clear that the approach of the Qur'an is peace-oriented.

One of the most important aspects of investment is determining the “optimal investment portfolio”. To date, scientific research has been conducted to determine the optimal portfolio with “artificial intelligence” and “Fuzzy logic”. However, we determine the optimal portfolio based on Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. On the other hand, several factors affect returns, which is one of the most important issues in investment decision-makings, and various models have been developed to analyze the return of “capital” and “other assets”. In this regard, some of the most important models include linear and non-linear models, artificial neural network models, Fama–French model, Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, and optimal stable model. All of these models are indicative of the use of quantitative methods and models in the investment industry. One of the causes of using these models is developing the financial economy. In fact, the development of financial economy has more increased with the concept of “portfolio optimization”. In fact, the portfolio optimization and diversification concept is the basis of developing and expanding classical finance and financial decision-making. Financial markets, especially the capital market, can have a great deal of relevance to other sectors of the economy. In the present study, we design and calibrate a new Keynesian DSGE model in relation to the optimal investment portfolio and effectiveness of shocks (e.g., productivity and foreign exchange earnings fluctuation) on macroeconomics variables.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : The Holy Quran is a divine text and contains wise interpretations for the audience, which can be understood to some extent with the help of conceptual metaphors. The present study is an attempt to investigate the conceptual metaphors of “Selm” in examples of Quranic verses and its purpose is finding and understanding the conceptual metaphors of “Selm” in the Quran, their clarification and classification and then description, interpretation and explanation them. The question of this research is what kind of conceptual metaphors the Quran has used to objectify the abstract concept of peace and how can they be explained. METHOD AND FINDING : The research is in the framework of the Charteris-Black metaphor critical analysis approach which is almost a qualitative research method. Therefore, with the help of the third version of the “Noor Jami’ al-Tafasir Software”, a sample body of 127 verses consisting of 54 keywords is extracted from the root of “Selm” Then their conceptual metaphors were examined. Based on the findings of this study, 37 conceptual metaphors have been extracted in the source domains of journey, conflict, religion, building, light and body parts. The source domains of light and conflict are the least productive and the source domain of journey with 72% of the total resonance is the most productive domain, which the conceptual key “peace is journey” can be deduced. CONCLUSION : According to the research findings on the conceptual metaphors of “Selm”, it is clear that the approach of the Quran is peace-oriented.