فیلتر های جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱٬۹۰۱ تا ۱٬۹۲۰ مورد از کل ۲٬۰۰۹ مورد.
۱۹۰۱.

«تفسیر دادیشوع قطری از موعظه پانزدهم پدر اشعیا»(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: سغدی مسیحی زبان سریانی موعظه و تفسیر دادیشوع قطری پدر اشعیا

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۴۶ تعداد دانلود : ۵۳۵
آثار سغدی مسیحی شامل ترجمة بخش هایی از کتاب مقدس، زندگی و اعمال قدیسان، مواعظ و تفاسیر، اعمال شهدای مسیحی و آراء بزرگان کلیسا از زبان سریانی به زبان سغدی هستند. این آثار که در واقع گونه ای از ادبیات ترجمه ای محسوب می شوند، غالباً از زبان سریانی به زبان سغدی برگردانده شده اند. تفسیری که دادیشوع قطری در باب پانزدهمین موعظة پدر اشعیا ارائه می دهد از جمله ی این آثار است. پژوهش حاضر با ارائه آوانویسی و ترجمه متن سغدی و مقایسه آن با نسخه ی معادل سریانی به بررسی ویژگی های خاص زبانی این متن در مقایسه با سایر گونه های زبان سغدی می پردازد.
۱۹۰۲.

L2 Learners’ Strategy Preference in Metaphorical Test Performance: Effects of Working Memory and Cognitive Style(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: working memory metaphorical test performance cognitive style of field (in)dependence (FI/FD)

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۴۴ تعداد دانلود : ۳۳۹
Although investigating the factors that influence test scores is important, a majority of stakeholders show a paucity of attention towards individual learner differences due to having large classes of L2 learners. This study sought to explore the possible effect of working memory and cognitive style on L2 learners’ metaphorical test performance. The study was conducted in 2 phases. The first phase was quantitative, and the second consisted of a series of case studies using “think-aloud protocol” and “retrospection.” In the statistical phase, aimed at shedding light on the effect of the cognitive style of field (in)dependence (FI/FD) on metaphorical test performance, 80 senior undergraduates majoring in English Translation were selected through a truncated test of TOEFL adopted from Barron (2004). Metaphorical test performance was analyzed through recognition, text-based true-false, and scripturally implicit questions, refined by conducting factor analysis. Moreover, the participants’ cognitive style of FI/FD was identified via GEFT. In the qualitative part, after analyzing the verbal reports of 8 informants, the participants’ strategy preferences were examined. Results revealed the impact of the cognitive style of FI/FD and working memory on the participants’ strategy preferences. Due to the advent of learner-centered approaches, this study has some implications for L2 pedagogy discussed in the paper.
۱۹۰۳.

Task Difficulty and Its Components: Are They Alike or Different across Different Macro-genres?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Reading Comprehension task difficulty Macro-genres

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۴۴ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲۷
Task difficulty across different macro-genres continues to remain among less attended areas in second language development studies. This study examined the correlation between task difficulty across the descriptive, narrative, argumentative, and expository macro-genres. The three components of task difficulty (i.e., code complexity, cognitive complexity, and communicative stress) were also compared in the four macro-genres. The design included the administration of short reading texts with comparable length and readability indices based on the four macro-genres followed by task difficulty questionnaire. The macro-genre-based reading textsalong with the task difficulty questionnaire were administered to 50 EFL students in the University ofLorestan, Iran. Task difficulty questionnaire explored the learners’ perceptions of task difficulty in the code complexity, cognitive complexity, and communicative stress domains. The results revealed that there were no significant differences among the task difficulty components in the four macro-genre-based text types. The findings also showed that there was no significant correlation between task difficulty of each macro-genre with those of the other genres except thoseofthe narrative and expository genres.The findings hold implications for the use of macro-genres with different task difficulty indices in task-oriented programs, teacher training, and testing.
۱۹۰۴.

ضرورت بازتحلیل متون آموزشی گروه های عربی در دانشگاه های کشور رویکردی انتقادی به الشعر العربی الحدیث من احمد شوقی الی محمود درویش(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلید واژه ها: شعر معاصر عربی میشال خلیل جحا نقد متون آموزش عربی دانشگاه ها

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۴۴ تعداد دانلود : ۶۸۴
متون آموزشی در رشته های علوم انسانی، علاوه بر جنبه های آموزشی، نقش پرورشی بسیار مهمی نیز به عهده دارد. لذا بازتحلیل مستمر این متون امری ضروری است. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی تحلیلی و با رویکردی انتقادی، کتاب الشعر العربی الحدیث من احمد شوقی الی محمود درویش نوشتة میشال خلیل جحا را بررسی کرده است. این کتاب، ضمن کثرت و تنوع نمونه های شعری که حسن آن شمرده می شود، نقص های فراوانی دارد. بی تناسبی میان نام کتاب و محتوای آن، غلبة صبغة تاریخی به جای رویکرد تحلیلی بر کتاب، شتاب زدگی و یک سونگری در داوری، کم توجهی به اوضاع سیاسی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، فراوانی متون و فقدان تحلیل کافی برای آن ها، نامنسجم بودن بخش های مختلف کتاب، تفکیک نشدن شعر سنتی و شعر نو، کم توجهی به شعر پایداری و نبود رویکردی انتقادی به شعر معاصر از جمله عیب های آن است. نتایج به دست آمده از این پژوهش گویای آن است که این کتاب شاکلة کتابی تحلیلی در باب شعر معاصر عربی را ندارد و بیش تر به منظور کتاب گزیدة متون قابل استفاده است.
۱۹۰۵.

EFL Learners’ Deployment of Motivational Self-Regulatory Strategies and their Academic Achievement(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: motivation academic achievement Motivational Self-regulatory Strategies self-regulation

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۴۵ تعداد دانلود : ۴۹۵
Self-regulation of learning has been extensively investigated in second language (L2) learning. Many studies have focused on the strategies that language learners employ to regulate their own learning processes. However, motivational self-regulation is considerably less explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motivational self-regulatory strategies (MSRSs) and academic achievement. A motivational self-regulation questionnaire was administered to 64 male and female adult Iranian EFL learners to measure their choice of various strategies. The quantitative data was analyzed by applying correlational and multivariate analyses. The results demonstrated that there was a strong relationship between motivational self-regulatory strategy use and academic achievement. However, no difference was found between male and female learners in their use of the strategies. Further examination revealed that higher-achieving students differed from lower-achieving participants in their preference for strategies. The article concludes that while all learners use extrinsic rewards to self-regulate their motivation, more successful learners tend to manipulate learning tasks to make the tasks intrinsically interesting and pleasant. Also, more successful learners set both long-term and short-term goals to motivate themselves. The results underscore the importance of students’ personal interests, needs and goals, and suggest that teachers foster learners’ command of the strategies through instruction and cooperative activities.
۱۹۰۶.

تأثیر آموزش مقابله ای باز ترکیب عبارت ها بر صحت دستوری: از منظر فرضیه تعلیم پذیری(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: صحت دستوری آموزش بازترکیب عبارت ها نظریه پردازش پذیری فرضیه تعلیم پذیری فراگیری مراحل دستوری آموزش مقابله ای

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۴۱ تعداد دانلود : ۳۵۵
با الهام از یافته های مربوط به نقش عبارت ها در رشد زبانی٬ پژوهش حاضر تأثیر آموزش مقابله ای بازترکیب عبارت ها بر فراگیری ساختارهای دستوری منطبق با مراحل دستوری (نحوی) نظریة پردازش پذیری را مورد بررسی قرار داد. به تعبیر دقیق تر، هدف این پژوهش بررسی پیش بینی فرضیة تعلیم پذیری بود مبنی بر اینکه آموزش فقط زمانی مؤثر است که به یک مرحله بالاتر از سطح دانش فعلی زبان آموزان مربوط شود. برای این منظور، سه گروه از فراگیران زبان انگلیسی از بین گروه بزرگ تری از زبان آموزان انتخاب شدند. به یک گروه آموزش مقابله ای در رابطه با مفهوم و ساختار عبارت های زبان فارسی و انگلیسی داده شد، در حالی که گروه دوم همین آموزش را فقط به زبان انگلیسی دریافت کرد و گروه سوم به عنوان گروه مقایسه در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که آموزش مخصوصاً از نوع مقابله ای آن به طور معنی داری به فراگیری مراحل دستور زبان ارائه شده در نظریة پردازش پذیری در تولید شفاهی و نوشتاری کمک کرد و پیش بینی فرضیة تعلیم پذیری را نقض نمود. تفسیر نظری نتایج در قسمت بحث و بررسی پایانی ارائه می شود.
۱۹۰۸.

Examining University Students' Scholarly Publication in English Journals: A Case for Postgraduate Students' Written Literacy Practices(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Essay Writing Academic Literacy English for Academic Purposes (EAP) English for General purposes (EGP) Micro levels Macro levels

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۳۶ تعداد دانلود : ۸۷۶
This research aimed to screen 'essay writing' difficulties that non-native university students at postgraduate levels usually experience regarding scholarly publication in mainstream, English journals. Two sets of variables including written literacy competencies in Persian and English languages were mapped over language uses (General vs. Academic). Initial screenings from one hundred Iranian students at PhD and MA levels with publication experiences in both Persian and English languages gave rise to some fifty-five participants randomly selected from different university disciplines (Humanities, Engineering, Medicine and Basic Sciences) and diverse university settings (Public and Private) across the country and classified via stratified sampling. A validated questionnaire from a large-scale project called ENEIDA (Moreno, 2011) was used for collecting the required data. Two measures were used to assess written literacy competencies across language uses: 1) participants' assumed, self-reported written literacy competencies in using English and Persian languages for General and Academic purposes were denoted as 'perceived' measures and 2) further supported by actual measures: mostly received comments from reviewers in the mainstream, English journals by the target group above. Findings were discussed in the light of recent lines of enquiries in Academic Literacy (AL) trends.
۱۹۰۹.

Life-wise Language Learning Textbooks: Construction and Validation of an Emotional Abilities Scale through Rasch Modeling(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: life syllabus life skills education emotional abilities (EA) scale Rasch rating scale model teachers’ perceptions applied ELT

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۳۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۸
Underlying the recently developed notions of applied ELT and life syllabus is the idea that language classes should give precedence to learners’ life qualities, for instance emotional intelligence (EI), over and above their language skills. By so doing, ELT is ascribed an autonomous status and ELT classes can lavish their full potentials to the learners. With that in mind, this study aimed to design and validate a scale for appraising the current English language learning textbooks with respect to EI competencies. Having used several psychological models of EI, the authors developed a 44-item scale. The scale was then disseminated to in-service EFL teachers at non-profit language institutes in Iran. Rasch rating scale model was utilized to substantiate the construct validity of the scale. Three items, two representing impulse control and one pertaining to adaptability, misfitted the model, requiring to be pruned. The results also showed that the 6-point Likert scale functioned effectively. The scale is therefore a unidimensional and valid instrument with considerable implications for language teachers, syllabus designers, and materials developers.
۱۹۱۰.

مقاله به زبان انگلیسی: تأ ثیر سه شیوه آموزشی واژ گان :اجزا ء سازنده واژ گان ، فلش کارت و سر نخ های با فتی بر یاد سپاری فوری و با تأ خیر واژگان دانش آ موزان پایه سوم دبیر ستان (The Effect of Three Vocabulary Learning Strategies of Word-part, Word-card and Context-clue on Iranian High School Students’ Immediate and Delayed English Vocabulary Learning and Retention)(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلید واژه ها: یاد گیری وا ژ ها شیوه اجزا ء ساز نده وا ژها شیوه فلش کارت شیوه سر نخ های با فتی و به یاد سپاری وا ژه ها

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۳۳ تعداد دانلود : ۵۳۷
هدف از پژ وهش حا ضر مقایسه ی تا ثیر سه شیوه آ موزشی واژگان :شیوه تدریس اجزا ء سا زنده واژ ها ، فلش کارت و استفاده از شیوه سر نخ های متنی بر یاد سپاری بلا فا صله و با تأ خیر واژگان دانش آ موزان پا یه سوم دبیر ستان های ایران است.به همین دلیل نود دانش آ موز در این پژ وهش شر کت نمو دند که مشغول تحصیل در مدارس تبریز بودند.برای اطمینان از همگن بودن آن ها ، آزمون پت به آ ن ها داده شد ، بر پایه نتا یج بدست آ مده بیست نفر از هر کلاس انتخاب شدند و این سه کلاس دست نخورده به صورت تصا د فی در سه گروه آ موزشی قرار گر فته اند. ابتدا به عنوان پیش آزمون شصد واژه به عنوان پیش آ زمون به آن ها داده شد که چهل تا از آ ن ها نا شنا خته برای دانش آ موزان بودند، هر کلاس تحت تدریس یک شیوه قرار گر فت ، و آ موزش های لازم داده شد .برای فهمیدن تأثیر هر شیوه تدریس در آ خرین جلسه پس آ زمون متشکل از چهل واژه داده شد و بعد از چهار هفته پس آ مون با تا خیر داده شد و نمرات بدست آمده با استفاده از آ مون انو وا مقایسه شد .نتا یج بدست آ مده نشان داد که تا ثیر سر نخ های با فتی بر یادگیری واژ ها بیشتر از شیو های دیگر است .نتا یج بدست آمده مفید برای اساتید زبان ،دانش آ موزان ، مدارس و دانشگا ها است
۱۹۱۱.

Iranian EFL Learners' Processing of English Derived Words پردازش کلمات مشتق انگلیسی توسط فراگیران زبان انگلیسی ایرانی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: پردازش بسامد Processing وندهای اشتقاقی کلمه ریخت شناسی مدل مسیر دوگانه morphological word derivational affixes frequency dual-route model

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۳۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۸۲
An interesting area of psycholinguistic inquiry is to discover the way morphological structures are stored in the human mind and how they are retrieved during comprehension or production of language. The current study probed into what goes on in the mind of EFL learners when processing derivational morphology and how English and Persian derivational suffixes are processed. 60 Iranian EFL learners at intermediate and advanced levels of proficiency whose proficiency level were determined through Oxford Quick Placement Test, participated in masked priming experiments using E-prime software. Two separate priming tasks in Persian and English were conducted during the course of this study. The target words were primed in three ways: identity (careful""careful), related (care""careful) and control primes (desire""careful). Participants’ reaction times were measured by E-prime software and were fed into SPSS software for further analysis. The results indicated that Proficiency plays a role in the way derivational morphology is processed, because at lower proficiency levels more decomposition was detected while more proficient participants utilized more whole-word representation. Furthermore, Persian learners of English processing of the derived words could not be assigned strictly to decomposition or whole-word representations in the mind. What seems more plausible to assume is that highly frequent words (whether base or suffix frequency) as well as derived words with more productive suffixes are stored as whole words but lower base and morpheme frequency ones and those with suffixes having less productivity are decomposed. These findings lend further support to dual route model.
۱۹۱۲.

Cross–linguistic Comparison of Refusal Speech Act: Evidence from Trilingual EFL Learners in English, Farsi, and Kurdish(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Pragmatic Transfer Refusal Speech Act Semantic Formulae Discourse Completion Test (DCT)

حوزه های تخصصی:
  1. حوزه‌های تخصصی زبان شناسی زبان شناسی نظری کاربرد شناسی و تحلیل گفتمان
  2. حوزه‌های تخصصی زبان شناسی علوم مرتبط آموزش زبان دوم
تعداد بازدید : ۶۳۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۱۲
To date, little research on pragmatic transfer has considered a multilingual situation where there is an interaction among three different languages spoken by one person. Of interest was whether pragmatic transfer of refusals among three languages spoken by the same person occurs from L1 and L2 to L3, L1 to L2 and then to L3 or from L1 and L1 (if there are more than one L1) to L2. This study aimed to investigate the production of refusals in three languages and to specify the impact of linguistic knowledge on pragmatic transfer of refusals. To this end, 161 participants in 5groups filled out a Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Data was coded and analyzed according to semantic formula sequences. The data obtained from Kurdish learners of English who were also fluent in Farsi (Trilinguals) were compared with those in other four groups: 1)Native English speakers; 2)Monolingual speakers in Farsi; 3) Monolingual speakers in Kurdish; and 4) Bilingual Farsi learners of English. The results revealed that pragmatic transfer exists in choice and content of semantic formulae. It was also found that the sociocultural norms of English, Farsi, and Kurdish languages differ with respects to the refusal speech act and that individuals’ social power and relative distance play a critical role in performing such a speech act. This research suggests that, in spite of the norm differences existing among these languages, transfer of refusals mostly occurs from Kurdish as L1but not from L2 (Farsi) to L3 (English).
۱۹۱۳.

Uncovering the Relationship between EFL Teachers' Big Five Personality Traits and their Self-concept(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: EFL Teachers Big Five personality factors self-concept personality traits

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۳۱ تعداد دانلود : ۳۸۶
The present study is an attempt to find out whether there is a significant relationship between EFL teachers’ Big Five personality traits and their self-concept. In addition, ittried to examine if there is any significant relationship between teachers' teaching experienceand their self-concept. 112 EFL teachers participated in this study. They were asked to complete NEO Five Factor Inventory and Teacher Self-concept Evaluation Scale. Data were analyzed using Correlation, Multiple Regressions, and ANOVA. Results indicated thatself-concept was significantly correlated with four components of the Big-Five personality traits.It was positively related with ""Neuroticism"", ""Openness to experience"" and ""Conscientiousness"", but negatively related with ""Agreeableness"". It was also revealed that there was not any statistically significant difference among the three groups (low, mid, and high experience EFL teachers) with respect to their self-concept. The overall results of the study were discussed, and the implications for policy and practice were made.
۱۹۱۴.

An Exploratory Study of Teacher Efficacy Doubts in English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) and English for General Purpose (EGP) Instruction(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: teacher education Efficacy doubts ESAP and EGP instruction Teacher development and reform

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۵۵
While teachers’ confidence in their abilities is a crucial asset in teachers’ professionalism and their identity development, their efficacy doubts are also considered useful. Given the diversity of English Language Teaching (ELT) contexts, this paper probes the dynamic nature of efficacy doubts the teachers face and are expected to resolve in English for General Purposes (EGP) and English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) instruction. To this end, based on the existing theoretical frameworks in EGP and ESAP methodology and interviews with 25 university English teachers, two questionnaires were developed and administered to 170 Iranian EGP and ESAP university instructors. The results of factor analysis confirmed five factors underlying ESAP teachers’ teaching efficacy doubts and four factors for EGP teachers’ teaching efficacy doubts. The results may promise implications for ESAP and EGP teacher education programs; teacher educators may address the common efficacy doubts identified in this study and expose the current in-service and future ESAP and EGP teachers to the typical factors which may potentially hamper their efficacy and help them resolve their efficacy doubts as a means towards professional development
۱۹۱۵.

Iranian Students’ Attitudes towards Utilizing Smart Boards in EFL Classrooms(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Smart Board Student Attitude Learning Environment EFL Classroom

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲۶ تعداد دانلود : ۴۲۰
This study aimed at gaining insights into students’ attitudes in the learning English using the Smart Board or Interactive White Board (IWB) technology in EFL classrooms. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate students’ attitudes towards the use of Smart Board as an instructional tool on student motivation, participation, interaction and retention for learning English in Iranian schools. To achieve this aim, an observation was carried out during lessons in the classroom by the researcher. A questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was also developed by the researcher based on an extensive literature review as well as related instructional theories. The researcher also conducted an interview to find the effect of Smart Boards on student motivation, participation, interaction and retention of information in English classrooms. Analysis of these three instruments yielded patterns of responses concerning how Smart Board or IWB technology can motivate the students and increase their participation in classroom. The results of this study also indicate that students interact more in classrooms where technology is used effectively. Finally, it was found that Smart Boards enhance students' retention of information and learning process in EFL classrooms. The findings of the study will carry important implications for students, language instructors, and administrators as well.
۱۹۱۷.

IMPACT OF SYNCHRONOUS COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION ON EFL LEARNERS’ COLLABORATION: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS (بررسی تاثیر ارتباط همزمان رایانه ای بر همکاری زبان آموزان ایرانی: تحلیل کمی)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: همکاری ارتباط همزمان رایانه ای چت آی آر سی محیط دو بعدی محیط حضوری

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۸۰
در دو دهه ی اخیر، رایانه ها به طور بی سابقه ای وارد زندگی افراد شده اند چنانکه هر شخصی زندگی را بدون آنها نسبتا غیر ممکن می پندارد. در سالهای اخیر، محققان و آموزگاران در تلاش برای یافتن راههایی برای استفاده از رایانه و اینترنت در جهت بالابردن کیفیت آموزش بوده اند. از این رو، مطالعه ی آزمایشی حاضر تلاشی برای بررسی تاثیر ارتباط همزمان رایانه ای بر همکاری زبان آموزان ایرانی می باشد. با این هدف، تعداد 26 زبان آموز دختر در سطح بالای متوسط به طور تصادفی از یک موسسه ی آموزش زبان انتخاب و به یک گروه کنترل (کلاس حضوری) و دو گروه آزمایشی (چت آی آر سی و محیط دو بعدی) تقسیم شدند. سپس به آنها به مدت ده جلسه نگارش آموزش داده شد. دو گروه آزمایشی از طریق اینترنت توسط دو نوع متفاوت از برنامه های ارتباط همزمان رایانه ای آموزش دیدند در حالیکه آموزش گروه کنترل در یک کلاس حضوری انجام شد. داده های کمی مربوط به همکاری زبان آموزان توسط یک پرسشنامه سه قسمتی لیکرت بر اساس مطالعه ی هایثورنویت (2000) پس از انجام آزمونهای روایی و پایایی برای محیط هدف جمع آوری شد. نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه هیچ تاثیر آماری قابل ملاحظه ای میان گروههای آزمایشی و کنترل از لحاظ یادگیری از طریق همکاری، تعامل در کلاس و احساس زبان آموزان نشان ندادند. نتایج نشان می دهند که محیط آموزش نمی تواند در مورد میزان همکاری، تعامل و احساس زبان آموزان عامل تعیین کننده ای باشد.
۱۹۱۸.

Assessing Pragmatics through MDCTs: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: pragmatics assessment pragmatic comprehension DCT MDCT

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲۳ تعداد دانلود : ۳۵۸
Testing pragmatic competence has always posed daunting challenges to researchers and practitioners. As a step to address the gap in pragmatic testing, this paper delineates the procedural stages of developing and validating a context-sensitive Multiple Choice Discourse Completion Test (MDCT). Following a unitary view of validity, tenable argument and empirical evidence was accumulated to support the construct validity of the test. While 136 advanced learners of English took the developed test, it exhibited reasonable internal consistency (α= .72). Furthermore, the results of correlational studies revealed acceptable association between the scores of this MDCT with both a written version of the same test and a previously validated test of pragmatics from the literature endorsing its concurrent validity. Also, the MDCT proved efficient in differentiating between native speakers and EFL learners as suggested by the results of an independent samples t-test. Finally, a pretest-posttest experimental study with 26 intermediate EFL learners was designed to check the sensitivity of the test towards developments in learners’ interlanguage after which a t-test analysis corroborated the construct validity of the test. This array of evidence denotes that the suggested MDCT can be reliably used in EFL contexts as a valid measure of pragmatic competence.
۱۹۱۹.

Native and Non-native English Teachers’ Rating Criteria and Variation in the Assessment of L2 Pragmatic Production: The Speech Act of Compliment معیارها و تفاوت نمره دهی معلمان انگلیسی بومی و غیربومی در سنجش تولید منظورشناسی زبان دوم: مورد کنش کلامی تحسین(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: نمره دهی Pragmatic Assessment سنجش منظورشناختی کنش کلامی تحسین معلمان بومی و غیربومی زبان انگلیسی Rating speech act of compliment American and Iranian EFL/ESL teachers

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲۴ تعداد دانلود : ۴۴۷
Pragmatic assessment and consistency in rating are among the subject matters which are still in need of more profound investigations. The importance of the issue is highlighted when remembering that inconsistency in ratings would surely damage the test fairness issue in assessment and lead to much diversity in ratings. Our principal concern in this study was observing the criteria that American and Iranian EFL/ESL teachers consider when rating Iranian EFL learners’ pragmatic productions regarding the speech act of compliment. The instrument utilized in this study was WDCTs and a speech act rating questionnaire administered to sixty American and sixty Iranian EFL/ESL teachers. In order to come up with the criteria, the reasoning and justifications of the raters when rating learners’ pragmatic productions were analyzed carefully through content analysis. The results showed that overall the raters considered nine general criteria when rating. They included: “Strategy use”, “Affective factors”, “Politeness”, “Interlocutors’ relationships”, “Linguistic accuracy”, “Sincerity”, “Authenticity”, “Fluency”, and “Cultural issues”. Also, the most frequent criterion among the native and non-native raters was “Strategy use” and “Politeness” respectively. Finally, it was concluded that due to some inconsistencies and variations in the ratings and criteria of both native and non-native raters, it seems that both groups are in need of pragmatic workshops and training sessions. The results of this study can have important implications for EFL/ESL teacher educators who are considerate of the importance of pragmatic training and instruction.
۱۹۲۰.

Examining Teachers’ Development through Past-Present-Aspirational Continuum of English Language Teachers’ Professional Identity(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: teacher education English language teacher Professional identity Teacher Development

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲۱ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۱
Professional development and professional identity of English language teachers have usually been explored separately in the research agenda. However, there might be a nexus of relationships between professional identity and professional development in the context of English language teaching. This study, therefore, explored how professional identity might contribute to professional development of English language teachers. To this end, 60 English language teachers from inner, 60 from outer, and 60 from expanding circle of language use were sampled to fill in a questionnaire which was constructed and validated by the researchers. The study concluded that language teachers’ professional development could be theorized on a development of past-present-aspirational identity. It was also found that language teachers’ professional identity could be improved through development of interpersonal relations, system of knowledge and belief, and intrapersonal identity that would be considered as sub-identities of English language teachers’ professional identity.

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