درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The vast expanse of the urban distressed areas in the country and multiple damages that their inhabitants face on economic, social and cultural aspects remind the need for higher attention to these constructions. Meanwhile, Tehran's distressed areas with more than 3268 hectares (5.3% of the area of ​​Tehran) has a population of one million and three hundred thousand people in it, is one of the priorities of the improvement and renovations in the country. According to what most experts and researchers say one of the main obstacles to the process of improvement and renovation of the urban distressed areas, is the selection and use of appropriate methods of financing. Several methods of financing that have been raised to be used in the process of improvement and renovation, on one hand due to the variety they provide are an opportunity, and on the other hand face the managers and city decision-makers with some problems in the process of selection and utilization, because using any of the methods depends on several regional and local factors. In this regard and in order to facilitate the process of decision-making in the process of improvement and renovation of urban distressed areas, this research used a cross-sectional study and also investigated the evaluation criteria and different methods of financing the distressed areas and using the obtained field data from questionnaires distributed in two stages using ANOVA test, tested the research hypothesis in order to determine the best financing method according to the improvement and renovation process from the perspective of the tested criteria and in this way tried to compare the various methods of financing in order to take advantage of the process of improving and renovation of urban distressed areas in Tehran. In this regard and based on the obtained results three methods of repayment from the operation of the project, civic engagement (contract) -guaranteed and selling shares were identified as ways with the highest priority to utilize in the process of improvement and renovation of the urban distressed areas of Tehran.

Concurrently, organizations must respond effectively to social expectations and moral law and to achieve success in all areas and by respecting professional ethics adopt an appropriate procedure to achieve these expectations align with organizational goals to facilitates promotion of social accountability and realization of higher goals. In this study, we have formulated a framework by reviewing the literature and related researches so that with application of quality and quantitative combinatory approch as well as utilization of Delphi and judgmental sampling and chain and professional acceptance of scientific and organizational model (32 members), a comporehensive model was instituted in the form of a standard model (individual, organizational and cross- organizational) and 23 indicators of professional ethics to promote social accountability. Then, realized model structures in the studied organizations has been tested through structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) using smart PLS software. Meanwhile, Cronbach's alpha (0.965) is used to measure questionnaire’s reliability in addition to evaluation of validity. Moreover, among national executive accountability, 124 members are selected for this study through Morgan table and stratified random sampling method so that the situation of each dimensions such as individual (3.56), organizational (3.50) and cross-organizational (3:06) were obtained unfavorably. Overall, this study defines a new method to analyze and measurements of enhance public accountability and professional ethics under Iranian’s government agencies.

The Internet along with many advantages has some disadvantages, and the lack of a complete understanding of cyberspace can cause damage in terms of mate selection method. This article attempts to address some of the disadvantages and threats that virtual spaces create in mate selection method and tries to introduce some strategies to prevent and reduce these emerging injuries. This study was conducted using a questionnaire survey and the reference method. The population of this research is all youth between 20 to 34 years old who live in Jahrom in 1395. The sampling methods used here is the cluster sampling method. The sample size has been calculated by the Cochran formula, and 320 people were selected. The questionnaire was 0.77 alpha general questionnaire and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software in the form of analyzing the correlation coefficient and regression. In this research, after describing the stages of major indicators of family position as the most important unit of society, and after declaring the ideas about mate selection and cyberspace relationships, and mentioning them as opportunities and threats, emerging injuries following by cyberspace relationships and their influence on the mate selection methods are discussed. In this study, family attachment, traditional values and the level of religiosity are effective in young people attitudes to cyberspace mate selection, as well as effective variables have an impact on mate selection method with a coefficient of 0.611% were able to predict changes. In other words, effective independent variables have been able to define 0.611% of changes in mate selection methods, and the rest of the effects are due to some variables that are not included in this study.