درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The old textures of cities are going down the path of stagnation and backwardness. On the other hand, urban areas, especially cities with a long historical background, often house many historical attractions that attract tourist into those cities. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of tourism in restoring the distressed urban texture on the old texture of Sari. In this study, data collection and analysis methods were used through field studies and surveys, texture inhabitant questionnaires (144), statistical tests in form of SPSS software (T-test) and AHP model. And finally, the results of this study are the significant effect of adding applications related to tourism in the texture, beautification within the texture, and converting texture to pedestrian zone.

Purpose - The present study aims to examine the challenges and opportunities for local stakeholders' empowerment related to rural planning in Iran. In general, the current approach of planning process from making decision to implementation and monitoring is based on instrumental rationalism approach, irrespective of the villagers’ viewpoints. Urban – Rural divided planning has created some challenges for sustainable rural development and opportunities for improving environmental-ecological and socio-economic indicators, which have been ignored . Design/Methodology/Approach- Less attention has been paid to local stakeholders' empowerment in planning methods and procedures, which is regarded as an obstacle for the promotion of the indicators related to sustainable rural development. The present study was based on a descriptive – analytical method. Correlation test and multivariate regression were used to provide a meaningful framework. Library and field studies were used for data collection. Library method was used to understand the impact of policy implementation and planning approach on the socio-economic empowerment of local stakeholders for their socio-economic participation in sustainable rural development and the study of previous research experiences and other countries on appropriate planning. The statistical population of the study is 124 villages in south and southeast of Tehran. Random sample size for completing the questionnaire of local authorities at village level, using Cochran formula and its adjustment formula for small statistical population, with 95% confidence level and probability of 0.05 and prediction of variance S2 0.25 = sample size of 54 villages was achieved. In these 54 villages, 450 questionnaires were completed according to size by specifying sample size in each village .The validity of the research questionnaire was conducted by experts in organizations. The reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha was 0.801. Findings- The results indicated that local stakeholder's generative empowerment is important although unproductive empowerment is increasingly overcoming. In addition, the possible effects of this process have been identified. Thus, problem-oriented planning is necessary for formulating a community-based approach optimally and strengthening social capital, which is not based on current instrumental rationalism approach. Thus, for the best planning with a community-based approach and the reinforcement of social capital, the group to convene is needed in the process and problem-oriented planning is important. This is inconsistent with the techno centrism rationalism approach.

Land heritage and necessity of planning in order to safeguard this heritage is one of the greatest challenges facing the researchers of untouched spaces and international natural heritage. One of the most important instruments in this approach is considering tourism capabilities in the form of geological attractions and geomorphology of the land heritages and its bond with economical, cultural and social features of tourism. Geotourism plays an unparalleled role in the development of economic, cultural and environmental effects on land management and planning for the conservation and sustainable development of the geological heritage. The Alamut area of ​​Qazvin, along with the legacy of land, is a significant destination in the country from the cultural and social point of view. In order to reach the goals of the sustainable development, it is important to identify the crucial geosites of the region and analyze them based on their different geo-tourism values. In the meantime, East Alamut is one of the areas that can attract many tourists with a variety of natural phenomena. In this study, using satellite images, geological maps, and field studies, 10 East Alamut lands with higher geo-touristic attraction were selected. In the final review of geo-tourism assessment based on the GAM method, the geosite of the Kalayeh Moalem was identified as one of the top geosits due to its scientific value in national level, having aesthetic, cultural and social values, and the existence of a set of functional, economic, and tourist services values.​​ Evan Lake is also in the second priority due to high geological diversity, its ecological and cultural values, easy access, tourism services, appropriate infrastructure and also aesthetic and protective values. Alamut historical area, next to the Garmarud Valley is on next priority.