سید رسول حسینی

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) concept is closely related to the notion of sustainable development, and the outcome of the sustainable development approach is specific consideration to disclosure and reporting of CSR. One factor that is less considered in the Iranian economic environment and research is the competitive nature of the product market in today's highly competitive and sensitive environment. So, the main aim of this paper is to investigate the moderating effect of competition in the product market on the debts ratio and the CSR relation among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The independent variable in this study is CSR, and the dependent variable is the debts ratio. In order to investigate this issue, the research sample was determined using the systematic elimination method, and 97 companies were selected for seven years from 2012 to 2018. Multivariate regression was used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis. For this purpose, the output-oriented BCC model has been used to measure companies' CSR, and the Lerner index has been used to represent competition in the product market. The results show that high competition in the product market moderates the relationship between CSR and debts ratio. In other words, when competition in the product market is high, Firms adopt lower debt ratios by fulfilling their social responsibilities. The investigation of the moderating effect of the competition is the distinguishing feature of our research compared to other studies. Therefore, players of industry, business, creditors, and investors should pay attention to the intensity of competition in the market.

Purpose: Dynamic features of the market, increased competition, and globalization are primary requirements of active participation in new markets. These days, only companies which benefit from digital agility and function fast, as well as flexibly, can grow and expand their market. The present study aimed to design and illustrate a model of agile digital marketing capabilities in the insurance industry in Iran.Methodology: The present study is aimed at presenting a model of agile digital marketing capabilities in insurance industry by using semi-structured interviews. By nature the study is exploratory and qualitative; concerning research objective it is an applied study; it is, also, a descriptive survey study in terms of data collection. The population includes all senior managers of insurance firms and decision-makers in digital marketing of insurance industry. Accordingly, the sample includes 42 participants with required subject-matter experience and skill and expertise. By means of qualitative research methods in marketing, and the real-world data-based grounded theory (GT) systematic paradigm, the study tried to present a theoretical model.Findings: Based on the interview data and following the grounded theory approach, 246 open codes and 41 themes were identified regarding the agile digital marketing capabilities in the insurance industry. In this research, the main categories are Flexibility, Prediction and accountability-prevention, Quality, Reconfiguration, Functional mutual cooperation, Convenience and reaction speed, Perception, Trust and safety, Integrity of skills and performance, the ability of technical integration, the ability of organizational integration. In  addition to the central dimension, five other components (Casual factors, Contextual factors, Intervening factors, Strategies, and Consequences) were identified.Discussion and Conclusion: The final result of the study is a relatively comprehensive and complete paradigm based on the requirements and characteristics of the insurance industry. The present study aims to expand theoretical foundations and the existing literature on digital agile marketing through an applied and appropriate model, whereas previous researches are focused on speed and accuracy, or on organizational structure, culture, manpower, information equipment, technology, and process, or on reaction speed, flexibility, and responsiveness.  Also, the importance of channels, social media, digital communication, digital technology in digital marketing, and social networks, as well as the special value of the brand , are common knowledge. Studies, also, allude to team-making and management support, and culture . Also, in some cases, adaptability to changeable conditions, cooperative approach, integrative workplace, innovation speed, concentration on prediction, and monitoring market needs were attested in previous literature

The field of humanities is different from other fields in many aspects, therefore, in order to develop academic entrepreneurship in this field, we need its special model. In this article, two goals are pursued, first, the key components of the development of academic entrepreneurship are identified, and then we discuss the prioritization and influence of the dimensions on each other. This article is practical in terms of its purpose. After carrying out library studies, using the fuzzy Delphi method, we have identified the dimensions, and in the second step, we have used the Dematel method and the ranking of the components using the analytical network process (ANP) to find cause and effect relationships. Therefore, the components of the government's role, entrepreneurial culture, the educational structure and financial infrastructure of the penetrating (cause) and the components of the university structure, research and commercialization and the communication links under the influence (effect) are introduced. The first priority of university entrepreneurship development was entrepreneurial culture and in order expanded developmental periphery including research and commercialization, communication links, strengthened steering core including university structure, stimulated academic heartland includes educational structure, financial resources including financial infrastructure and the least important is the government component.

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی نقش نگرش کارآفرینانه در عملکرد شغلی مدارس شهرستان دماوند انجام شد. روش تحقیق کاربردی و توصیفی بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را کلیه مدیران و معاونان مدارس (دولتی) شهرستان دماوند در سال تحصیلی 97-97 تشکیل می دهند که معادل 218 نفر می باشد. حجم نمونه آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران حدود 139 نفر به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه انتخاب شدند. برای جمع آوری داده ها از پرسشنامه ابزار استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل و تحلیل قرار گرفت. برای ارزیابی روایی پرسشنامه تحقیق از روایی سازه و برای تحلیل پایایی آن از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان داد که بین نگرش کارآفرینانه و عملکرد شغلی مدیران مدارس رابطه معناداری وجود دارد و بین چهار بعد از نگرش و عملکرد شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین وضعیت فعلی نگرش کارآفرینانه و عملکردی مدیران شهرستان دماوند مطلوب است. نتایج به دست آمده از هدف اولیه پژوهش نشان داد که بین نگرش کارآفرینانه و عملکرد حرفه ای مدیران شهرستان دماوند رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. این بدان معناست که هر چه نگرش کارآفرینانه مدیران مدارس بالاتر باشد، عملکرد حرفه ای آنها نیز بالاتر خواهد بود. همچنین تحلیل رگرسیون پژوهش نشان داد که از بین چهار بعد از نگرش کارآفرینانه، بعد از نفس قوی ترین بود. و بعد از موفقیت مداری ضعیف ترین پیش بینی کننده عملکرد شغلی در بین مدیران و معاونان مدارس (دولتی) شهرستان دماوند بود. در نهایت می توان گفت که با طراحی دوره های آموزشی مناسب در زمینه مسائل کارآفرینی و نگرش کارآفرینانه می توان عملکرد حرفه ای به ویژه موفقیت مدیران را ارتقا داد.