Innovation

The importance of perceiving and knowing children visiting museums in Iran, inform researchers about the shortcoming of fundamentals in this regard, and despite the many potentials of this area, Children's visit to Museums in Iran is facing serious obstacles considering such shortages. In this regard, it seems very important to understand the importance of considering children as museum visitors. According to recent literature and perspectives advanced by experts related to this topic, all with the intent to broaden the views of museum professionals, this presentation wants to clarify the main results of these investigations which include: • Innovations of museums for children during their visit to learn and discover cultures • Children's criteria for visiting museums, and service quality factors (PhD thesis of researcher: Quality approach in the development of children's visit model), • Social and cultural influences in shaping society, The results offer a framework as a point of departure for understanding children in museums. To sum up, it can be said that museums have important entities for children's attractions, which with proper planning, attention and investment, can turn into young audiences' spotlight.

The purpose of the present study was to identify barriers to implementing innovation in sports clubs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research approach was mixed. In the qualitative part, interviews with 13 owners of sports clubs were conducted. The statistical sample in the quantitative part, based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), included 200 sports club owners in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. The results showed that barriers to implementing innovation in sports clubs were individual, structural, and environmental obstacles. Considering the entrepreneurial ecosystem and all stakeholders involved in the sports community, providing favorable conditions such as intellectual property protection, financial support, research, and development support, as well as improving access to financial capital, can pave the way for the creation and implementation of sports innovations in clubs, especially in crises. 

This research has evaluated the innovation components in information technology startups with a focus on Industry 4.0. The approach of the current research is of a qualitative type and was implemented based on the meta-composite approach. On this basis, all articles published in ISI magazines, books and internal and external theses related to the topic of innovation in the field of startups and in the period of 2015 to 2021 were examined. According to the SIP model, the researchers identified 17 concepts and 96 codes for each of the 4 categories of substrate (background), input (input), the main category of process and output (output), which were paid attention to in internal and external studies. The results of this research will help researchers and practitioners in the field of innovation in information technology startups to know what variables and components should be included in the four sectors of the platform for a comprehensive understanding of the innovation development of startups based on the 0.4 industry. Pay attention to the main category of process and output. The present study contributes to the literature on startup technology innovation in information technology and its practices and outlines desirable practices for future researchers.

Automotive industry particularly, commercial automotive industry, ranks as a key industry in the economic growth. The necessity of investigating the research & development(R & D) activities of digital marketing and innovation in the form of a dynamic system in automotive industry based on the 3 variables: empowerment of supply network, of product innovation, and of digital marketing is quite undisputed. The present research has been done with a view to identifying and evaluating the cause-and-effect interdependent relations governing the variables of R & D of digital marketing and innovation in commercial automotive industry. The research is typically applied, and has been done using the descriptive-survey method. The research community consisted of 50 experts; all with acceptable academic backgrounds and years of experience as executive managers and marketeers in the R & D of automotive industry. To analyze the data, the views of some elected experts on automotive industry, along with Delphi fuzzy and Dematel method were applied. Our findings showed that the variable “Intensity of R & D of digital marketing and innovation” has the most effect on the other variables. The variable “Empowerment of supply network” with the score of 3,25 has the largest amount of interaction with the other variables. Also, the variable “ Empowerment of R & D in digital marketing and innovation” with the score of 1,08 has the smallest amount of interaction with the other variables.

Purpose: Ambivalence includes the ability to perform exploitative activities (attention to the present time) and exploratory activities (attention to the future time) at the same time. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of drawing a scientific map of the field of ambidextrous leadership with a bibliometric approach. Methodology: This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of execution method was descriptive. The population of this study was conducted researches in the field of ambidextrous leadership in the Scopus database from 2007 to 2023 with a systematic method. For data analysis was used from bibliometric method with the two objectives of functional analysis and citation network analysis and with PRISMA protocol in VOSVIEWR software. Findings: The results of functional analysis showed that in the field of ambidextrous leadership, Rosing et al had the most citations (583 items) with an article entitled Explaining the heterogeneity of the leadership-innovation relationship: Ambidextrous leadership. Also, the countries of China, Australia, Germany, England and America respectively had the most research in the field of ambidextrous leadership. In addition, the findings of the citation network analysis showed that there were three clusters for authors and six clusters for countries in the co-citation pattern. Also, the synonymy pattern had 1309 links, 337 keywords and 48 clusters, which most of them were with the keywords of innovation, creativity and leadership. Conclusion: The findings of this study about the ambidextrous leadership with a bibliometric approach indicate that the results of this study can help to understand the different angles of ambidextrous leadership with the aim of increasing and promoting it.

Purpose: Today, having knowledge-based organizations and businesses is considered an important and main capital for a country and can create a competitive advantage. As a result, the aim of this study was to drawing a scientific map of the knowledge-based businesses development with a bibliometric approach. Methodology: The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive. The population of this study was the conducted research in the field of knowledge-based business development in the Scopus database from 1985 to 2023 year. The data of this study were analyzed by the bibliometric method according to the systematic approach with the two objectives of functional analysis and citation network analysis and with PRISMA protocol in VOSViewer software. Findings: The functional analysis findings showed that in the field of knowledge-based businesses development, Gambardella and McGahan had the most citations (372 times) with an article entitled Business-model innovation: General purpose technologies and their implications for industry structure. Also, authors including Crenicean, Ichijo, Kohlbacher, Markopoulos, Popescu, Sequeira, Vanharanta and Will and countries including United Kingdom, China, United States, Germany, Italy, Romania and South Korea respectively had the most research in the field of knowledge-based businesses development. In addition, the findings of the citation network analysis showed that for collaboration between authors there were 21 links, 7 keywords and 1 cluster and for collaboration between countries there were 34 links, 22 keywords and 5 clusters. Also, for co-referencing words there were 1475 links, 138 keywords and 6 clusters, which were more related to the words of business development, knowledge-based systems, innovation and knowledge management. Conclusion: The results of the present research about the knowledge-based businesses development with a bibliometric approach can have an effective role in designing and implementing programs to improve knowledge-based businesses.

In recent years, ecological metaphors have gained popularity in the field of innovation. Such excessive preoccupation of researchers with common ecological metaphors, such as ecosystems, and a lack of due attention to the development of other ecological principles, challenges the systematic conceptual framework of the field. This raises the metaphorical concept of a "boundary object," which could hinder the connection between theoretical discussions on innovation ecosystems and their practical applications and policy development. Therefore, there is a need for an evidence-based approach to define and map the innovation ecosystem metaphorically. The concepts deployed would form a part of the conceptual network of the innovation ecosystem. As part of an effort to implement evidence-based practice in the field of innovation ecosystems, this study employs Scaringella's and Radziwon's (2019) systematic review framework and the comparative-qualitative content analysis method. The analysis is based on a structured matrix that is rooted in metaphor mapping. Upon analyzing the content of the selected articles, the ecological metaphors grounded in innovation ecosystems can be classified into two general categories: metaphors related to actors (species, population, and community) and metaphors related to the environment (landscape, biome, and ecotone). The developed framework serves as a tool for innovation policymakers, enabling them to make informed decisions by gaining a comprehensive understanding of the seven hierarchical metaphorical layers within innovation ecosystems. Consequently, policymakers should not restrict their governance to the suggestions offered by the prevailing literature on ecosystems. Instead, they should also give equal attention to the various dimensions of innovation ecosystems, including actors, the environment, and the relationships between them, from an ecological perspective.

This study was performed to identify factors affecting the entrepreneurial university. In order to achieve this goal, a sample of 173 faculty members (academic rank of associate professor or higher) in academic year of 2015-2016 was selected using the using relative stratified sampling and Cochran’s formula. In this study, given the purpose and nature of research, for analysis of the data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used. The results of in-depth interviews and semi-structured and targeted interview with 14 qualified university professors led to the initial questionnaire developed by the researchers at 5-point Likert scale with 50 items; upon exploratory analysis, 9 items were excluded due to extraction value of commonality smaller than 0.5. Content validity of the questionnaire was approved by accredited academic experts. To assess the construct validity, convergent and divergent validity criteria were used. The results of factor loadings of each item showed that all items had factor loading of over 0.4 and average extracted variance of over 0.5, thus convergent validity of the variables was confirmed. In addition, the values ​​of the square root of the average variance extracted (AVE) was highest, indicating the validity of divergent validity of the variables. Composite reliability and validity of the questionnaire for all variables showed high levels of 0.7. Results showed that the size and components affecting establishment of entrepreneurial university included internal factors (capabilities, management and leadership, structure, prospects, financial resources and research, cultural and education policies) and external factors (interaction with environment and internationalization of the university). Finally, test of the model using t-test showed that the size and the identified factors had a positive and significant impact on the entrepreneurial university.

This study aims to investigate the impact of R&D intensity on operational efficiency and strategic alliances in medium-sized companies. Specifically, it seeks to understand how these variables interact to influence a firm's commitment to research and development activities, ultimately affecting their innovation and market performance. A cross-sectional design was employed, with a sample of 230 participants drawn from medium-sized companies. The sample size was determined using the Morgan and Krejcie table. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing R&D intensity, operational efficiency, and strategic alliances. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between the dependent variable (R&D intensity) and each independent variable (operational efficiency and strategic alliances). Linear regression analysis was performed to explore the combined effect of the independent variables on R&D intensity. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 27. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated significant positive relationships between R&D intensity and operational efficiency (r = 0.53, p = 0.001), and between R&D intensity and strategic alliances (r = 0.47, p = 0.002). The regression analysis showed that operational efficiency and strategic alliances together explain 40% of the variance in R&D intensity (R² = 0.40, F(2, 227) = 19.25, p = 0.000). Multivariate regression results confirmed that both operational efficiency (B = 0.07, β = 0.42, p = 0.001) and strategic alliances (B = 1.10, β = 0.35, p = 0.000) are significant predictors of R&D intensity. The study concludes that operational efficiency and strategic alliances significantly enhance R&D intensity in medium-sized companies. These findings suggest that improving operational processes and fostering strategic partnerships are critical for increasing a firm's investment in research and development. The results are consistent with previous research and provide valuable insights for both academia and industry practitioners. Future research should consider longitudinal designs and explore additional variables to further understand these relationships.

This study aims to explore the adoption and implementation of emerging technologies in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). By understanding the motivations, challenges, benefits, and future plans of SME founders, this research provides insights into how these businesses leverage technology to enhance their competitiveness and operational efficiency. The study employed a qualitative research design, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 25 founders of SMEs across various industries. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to ensure diverse representation. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The interview data were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software, following a thematic approach to identify key themes and insights related to technology adoption and implementation in SMEs. The study identified several motivations for technology adoption, including competitive advantage, cost efficiency, customer demand, innovation drive, and growth opportunities. Key challenges faced by SMEs included financial constraints, technical difficulties, resistance to change, regulatory and compliance issues, knowledge gaps, vendor dependence, and time constraints. The benefits realized from technology adoption encompassed improved operational efficiency, enhanced customer satisfaction, revenue growth, better data analytics, increased employee productivity, and greater market adaptability. Future plans of SMEs included continued investment in technology, scaling up implementation, focusing on employee training and development, forming strategic partnerships, enhancing cybersecurity measures, and improving customer engagement. The adoption and implementation of emerging technologies present significant opportunities for SMEs to enhance their competitiveness and operational efficiency. However, SMEs must navigate various challenges to realize these benefits. By adopting a strategic approach and leveraging external partnerships, SMEs can successfully implement new technologies and drive sustainable growth. This study provides valuable insights into the experiences of SME founders, informing both practice and policy in the context of technological advancement in small and medium-sized enterprises.

The objective of this study was to explore the strategies and challenges associated with intellectual property (IP) management in early-stage technology ventures. By examining how these ventures navigate the complexities of IP, the study aims to provide insights into the practices that contribute to their innovation, competitive advantage, and long-term sustainability. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with 27 participants who were actively involved in managing IP within early-stage technology ventures. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure relevant experience in IP management. Data were collected until theoretical saturation was achieved. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software, following a thematic analysis approach to identify key themes and subthemes. The analysis revealed three main themes: the importance of IP, IP management strategies, and challenges in IP management. Participants highlighted the strategic role of IP in providing a competitive edge, attracting investment, and facilitating market differentiation. Key strategies identified included systematic identification and protection of IP, collaboration and partnerships, and enforcement mechanisms. Challenges encompassed financial constraints, legal and regulatory complexities, lack of IP knowledge, internal organizational issues, and external threats such as cybersecurity risks and global competition. These findings align with existing literature on IP management and underscore the multifaceted nature of IP in early-stage ventures. Effective IP management is crucial for the success of early-stage technology ventures. The study emphasizes the need for robust IP strategies, education and expertise in IP, strategic collaborations, and vigilant enforcement mechanisms. Addressing financial and regulatory challenges and investing in cybersecurity are essential for mitigating risks and sustaining competitive advantage. The insights gained can inform entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers in developing practices and policies that support innovation and growth in the technology sector.

In an era where customer expectations are rapidly evolving, enhancing the efficiency of hotel reception services in Iran is crucial for the growth of the hospitality sector. Recent research highlights the importance of digital transformation in improving service delivery and operational efficiency in the hospitality industry. These studies indicate that technological advancements can significantly streamline operational processes, improve customer satisfaction, and foster a competitive advantage in the hospitality industry. This research presents a technological innovation model aimed at modernizing reception desk services, addressing the pressing need for improvement in this area. Using an interpretive paradigm and an inductive approach, we conducted a qualitative study that incorporated a systematic review. Subsequently, the structures and components were extracted from the studies through qualitative coding. Our findings, derived from a review of 54 studies, revealed 295 open codes distilled into 15 constructs and four main components. This study highlights the significant impact of technological innovation on reception services, emphasizing the roles of ease of use and perceived usefulness in the technology adoption process. These insights provide essential guidelines for advancing reception desk technologies within the Iranian hotel industry, ultimately contributing to enhanced service quality.

This article presents a case study exploring the intersection of tradition and innovation in Pahlavi II architecture, focusing on buildings from the Pahlavi II period in Sanandaj. The research investigates incorporating traditional spaces and introducing innovative design approaches during this architectural period. By analyzing the added and removed spaces compared to the traditional period, the study seeks to identify the key factors influencing the transformation of architectural features. The research methodology involves site visits, interviews with architectural experts and residents, and archival research to gather data on the architectural design choices and motivations. The findings reveal a harmonious integration of traditional and innovative spaces in Pahlavi II buildings in Sanandaj. The analysis of added and removed spaces sheds light on the dynamic nature of architectural evolution, providing insights into the influence of cultural and historical factors on design decisions. The study highlights the importance of preserving cultural heritage while embracing innovation and modernity in architectural design. It also emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to design that considers social, cultural, and environmental factors. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between tradition and innovation in Pahlavi II architecture and its impact on built environments. The research provides valuable insights for architects, designers, and policymakers seeking to create sustainable and culturally sensitive built environments.