International Markets

One of the main approaches in capacity building and strengthening organizational abilities to integrate activities along the supply chains is the integration, creation, and reconfiguration of internal and external capabilities of components based on the theory of dynamic capabilities. The main assumptions of this theory are based on the purposeful strengthening and promotion of organizational capacities to improve the executive capability of human resources. The objective of this study is to provide a model for promoting dynamic capabilities for international markets of Iran's oil and gas industry. The statistical population includes managers and experts in the field of oil and gas working in the affiliated organizations in Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was verified by the content method and its reliability was examined and verified by test-retest method with Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.877 and internal consistency was verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Based on the findings, the dynamic capabilities model was formed on 24 primary factors that were classified into 7 main components. In addition, these components were further classified into four main categories based on the competence-emergency matrix. According to the results, "Strategic conducting of capital resources" accounted for 19.78% of explanatory power and was the most important factor in promoting dynamic capabilities. The findings of the present study can be useful for decision-makers to promote competitiveness in terms of dynamic capabilities in Iran's oil and gas industry.

Despite all blockchain's advantages, it has experienced some challenges and disadvantages. Identifying these challenges and minimizing them are important steps in advancing the goals of this technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the challenges of using blockchain technology in international markets with regard to the risks of such newfound technologies. This is an applied research in terms of purpose and a mixed research in terms of methodology. The effective factors in using blockchain technology have been discovered by the meta-synthesis method at first; then the ranking of these factors has been done by the fuzzy pairwise comparison. A systematic search was performed in the database of Science Direct, Emerald, and Google Scholar. Also, the seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007) was applied. All the related articles and the challenges of using blockchain in international markets were identified and coded. The comparison method between the two coders was used to adjust the reliability and the kappa coefficient was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between the two codes. The findings of the extracted sources were finally proposed and 41 challenges were classified into 6 categories of technical, educational, structural, market, infrastructure and legal which divided in both internal and external areas.

Considering the limited resources available, firms must rank their most distinctive capabilities in order to succeed in entering international markets. This research aimed at prioritizing transnational capabilities including marketing, managerial, human resources, production, financial, logistics, research and development, quality and standards and consultation and interaction with the government affecting on the entry of the Iranian steel pipe manufacturers producing gas and oil transit steel pipes into international markets. The study population consisted of experts and procurement, business and marketing managers of the 8 biggest oil and gas steel pipe manufacturers working in Iran. Two pair-wise comparison questionnaires employed to collect the required data. Fuzzy Decision Making Trial & Error Laboratory (FDEMATEL) and Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) techniques used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the marketing (Net Weight=0.225) and human resources (Net Weight =0.035) capabilities attained the highest and lowest priorities, respectively. The paper is sharing the value creation by presenting a potential process including systematic techniques for ranking transnational capabilities to enter the international markets considering the competitive environment.