درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The infestation of the world pandemic has significantly changed the landscape of teaching and learning experience in Malaysia.  Particularly for the institution under study, E-learning, previously used as the support medium to face-to-face classroom teaching, has become the primary medium of teaching and learning amid Covid-19.  E-learning platform has replaced the face-to-face classes. Even though it is only a temporary approach, less is known in terms of its effectiveness.  The present paper intends to examine the factors contributing to E-learning's effectiveness in a Higher Education Institution in Malaysia amid the COVID-19 crisis. The Technology Acceptance Model underpinned the conceptual framework.   This study investigated the relationship between the independent variables (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and self-motivation) and E-learning effectiveness.  The data were collected through an online self-administrated questionnaire using Google form and received a total of 354 respondents.  The data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS.  The findings revealed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and self-motivation positively influenced E-learning's effectiveness.  This paper concluded that regardless of whether as the support medium or the primary medium in the teaching and learning process, the determinant to E-Learning effectiveness is still perceived the same. This study also supports the TAM proposition while incorporate self-motivation in measuring learning effectiveness.

The study has two main objectives: firstly, to examine the opportunity of the Momentum and Contrarian investment strategy for three different monetary systems to trade currencies in Forex markets using Symlet wavelet decomposition approach. Secondly, to examine the co-movements between the three monetary systems using wavelet coherence analysis. The findings indicate that an investor with momentum strategy can consider investing in Bitcoin and Gold market, while the contrarian investment strategy is more advisable for the fiat money market during crisis period. Furthermore, the wavelet coherence analysis indicates that Bitcoin currency is the most leading monetary system during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis, followed by gold. However, US dollar mostly leads Bitcoin during non-crisis periods, while Gold is found to lead the US dollar throughout the sample period of the study. This suggests that the cryptocurrency system or gold standard should be considered as the alternative monetary system for better economic stability specially during the crisis period. Moreover, Bitcoin and gold had an anti-phase correlation before the Covid-19 pandemic crisis, which implies better benefits of hedging in the non-crisis period, while during a crisis they are moving together across different horizons. In contrast, Bitcoin and Fiat Money are strongly correlated during non-crisis periods, while during covide-19 pandemic crisis the correlation is statistically insignificant. Overall, the outcomes offer significant guidance for policymakers in understanding which monetary system leads to better economic stability during the crisis period and provides many implications for market players such hedging and Diversification investments strategy in forex markets.