درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: There are two main theories about the reality of existence discussed in Islamic philosophy and mysticism, namely the Gradation of Existence and the Unity of Existence. This dispute has very important implications for the human worldview. This study is aimed to answer the following basic questions: Which of these theories is correct? Is there textual evidence from verses and narrations to support one of them? What are the implications of these theories? METHOD & FINDING: The study is based on the descriptive analytical method of analyzing available data in the library. This article compares two important schools of thought about a specific issue. CONCLUSION: The Gradation and Unity of Existence are two theories that interpret the reality of multiplicity in this universe. Both have their own rational and revelational evidence to prove themselves. Most philosophers, especially the followers of the Transcendent Wisdom of Mulla Sadra, believe that the unity of existence is the perfect version that can interpret many issues in a better way. Two theories have differences in interpretation of the monotheism of God at different levels, reality of contingent beings, creation of God as emanation or manifestation, gradation of existence or manifestation, etc.

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This research evaluates and critiques the philosophical foundations of Bourdieu’s theory of Cultural Capital through the lens of Allameh Tabataba'i. Therefore, the goal is to examine the fundamental concepts and their interrelationships. METHOD & FINDING: Conducting a documentary study of the development of Cultural Capital theory and its dimensions in Bourdieu’s works, the basic concepts are first explained concerning the term cultural capital and then evaluated from the perspective of Tabataba'i’s philosophical foundations. CONCLUSION: Prior research conducted in the West has shown that the concept of Cultural Capital has been revised in each period according to the societal conditions of the time and place. However, domestic research has often used the concept of Cultural Capital in a format similar to Bourdieu’s framework, without revision, and without taking into account local cultural foundations. The article argues that Cultural Capital represents the possession of human-divine capital, a concern that Bourdieu’s literature does not address but deserves critical attention. By considering Tabataba'i’s divine philosophical foundations including his theory of contingents, a reinterpretation of Bourdieu’s theory of Cultural Capital takes on a new and native character. By removing certain philosophical underpinnings of Bourdieu, this theory can present a novel manifestation about the stability of thought in the realm of culture.