درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of group hope therapy on the time horizon and Optimism of divorced women aged between 25 to 40 years old in Tehran who referred to counseling centers. Materials and method: 30 divorced women were selected randomly and were assigned at two experimental and control group. Group hope therapy was held for 8 sessions each lasted for 2 hours. Group hope therapy package was applied for intervention. Wilde questionnaire were employed for assessment of horizon and LOT questionnaire was used for assessment of optimism. Data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed that the group hope therapy increased time horizon and Optimism in divorced women. Discussion: searching for hope within the group lets divorced women to gain optimism and improve their time horizon capability.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence, attachment styles and optimism with mental health and marital satisfaction of couples who refer to Andimeshk counselling centers in the period of 3 months. Material & Method: 15o volunteer couples who were selected by applying multi cluster sampling method. Measurement tools include Emotional intelligence scale (Wang and Lu, 2002) Adult attachment scale (Collins and Reid, 1990) Optimism inventory of couples (Rajabi, 2002) Goldberg’s general health questionnaire (1989) and marital satisfaction scale (sanaee, 2001) were applied to measure variables. Findings: The data analysis was performed by Pearson correlation coefficient and step by step regression. Results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence, Adult attachment scale, Optimism, general and marital satisfaction. results of regression analysis show that emotional intelligence, Adult attachment scale, Optimism, general health can predict marital satisfaction significantly Discussion: finding reveals for finding marital satisfaction couples should be able to emotionally

Purpose: In line with their function to fight, control and combat crimes, governments have duties and powers. One of these tasks is criminalization, punishment and prosecution of crimes. Drugs are one of the major challenges facing societies and the scale of its destructive challenges is still added in current age. The resort to criminalization and the penal combat with this phenomenon has been a common practice of our country and other ones. Methodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and content analysis method. In the organization of research, the documentary and library methods have been used and the information analysis has been obtained qualitatively and based on the inference of the researcher on the sources and texts. Findings: Considering the legal status of our country, it is considered that, by respecting numerical proportions (math and Aristotelian) and paying attention to the amount of narcotics, the legislatures have criminalized the use of narcotics, especially minor narcotic drugs, in any amount. Conclusion: looking at the statistics of the cases brought to the judiciary, attention to the number of prisoners in the country, the statistics of the prisoners belonging to this group of crimes, and, on the other hand, paying attention to the community, despite the application of repressive criminal policy in the country, regarding drug crimes, in particular crimes of minor crimes, suggests that this (repressive) approach to the fight against and control of crimes related to narcotics has not been successful in the country