درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This paper addresses the absence of a suitable criterion for measuring information asymmetry between managers forecasting earnings and analysts forecasting earnings through statistical methods. Besides, this paper aims to provide a model of information asymmetry, emphasizing the role of financial and managerial criteria. This is applied qualitative and quantitative research (mixed method). The library method is used to prepare and formulate theoretical bases. In addition, the field method is used for collecting data to measure and identify indices and modeling. Factor analysis was used to analyze the data, following identifying the dimensions and variables of financial and managerial criteria of information symmetry to eliminate extraneous factors and classify. The following five main dimensions were determined, including corporate profit forecast, corporate governance, capital market, capital return, and management characteristics of the company. Then, the modeling was done using fuzzy mathematics through triangular numbers, Mamdani implication, and center of gravity methods. The final results of the study of the company listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange show that the level of information symmetry in the range of zero to 100 equals 55.1, to predict the company's profit is 48.54; corporate governance is 56.95; the capital market is 1/59; capital return is 61.07, and managerial characteristics of the company are 67.84. Finally, we examined the factors affecting the information asymmetry obtained from fuzzy neural networks. The findings show a higher prediction accuracy of fuzzy neural network methods than other related prediction methods.

Inflation as an undesirable economic phenomenon in recent years has had devastating effects on Iran economy. This made economic researchers devote plenty of reports and researches to the causes or ways to cope with inflation in Iran. In the present study, considering the importance of inflation, it was tried to take advantage of the econometric model to examine the effect of in Iran economy by using annual information from 1974 to 2021 and by using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results of the GMM model showed that the variables of labor wage index, liquidity volume, time-lag inflation and unofficial exchange rate growth have a positive and significant effect on inflation in Iran. Also, the GDP growth variable has a negative and significant effect on the dependent variable. The study suggests that in order to control inflation, the government in Iran should consider issues such as stability in economic policy-making, adopting appropriate fiscal policies, especially through budgetary discipline, and consistency of monetary and fiscal policies to curb inflation, to be important.

This research investigates the impact of inventory management on company performance, specifically focusing on Return on Assets (ROA) andReturn on Equity (ROE) across different life cycle stages. Utilizing panel data from 192 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period from 2019 to 2023, the study employs regression analysis to explore these relationships. The findings reveal significant influences of inventory management on financial performance metrics. Notably, while effective inventory management enhances ROE, its relationship with ROA is more complex, indicating potential inefficiencies in larger firms. Specifically, a one-unit increase in inventory management correlates with a decrease in ROA but positively affects ROE. The analysis further shows that during growth and maturity phases, there is a statistically significant negative relationship between inventory management and performance metrics, whereas a positive relationship is observed during the decline phase. Additionally, control variables such as financial leverage consistently demonstrate negative correlations with both ROA and ROE. This study contributes valuable insights into the intricate dynamics between inventory management and company performance across various life cycle stages

Islamic principles are heralding a variety of implications for business and accounting. Reflecting upon Islamic practices, this study engages with the notion of ESG conduct and its disclosure in accounting reports. While drawing from key Islamic texts and relevant prior literature, the present research elaborates and discusses fundamental Islamic principles of relevance and delineates what they suggest for ESG reporting. A grounded theory method was used for data collection. Online in-depth semi-structured interviews were deployed to 16 Islamic "finance and accounting specialists." Primary data analysis was done with MAXQDA. In the next step, the three-step encoding method was accomplished. The survey revealed 53 reporting implementation codes in three dimensions comprising environmental, social, and corporate governance. In addition, a comparative view of corporate governance under Islamic and non-Islamic economic schools was illustrated. The execution of ESG accounting practices might be beneficial in overcoming the problem of traditional accounting, which fails to incorporate environmental, social, and ethical hidden costs. The conclusion discusses the perspective of the Islamic view in ESG reporting by incorporating the concept of Tawhid, which provides holistic guidance based on Islamic beliefs, values, and concepts. The obtained framework contributes to Islamic accounting at the intersection of sustainable strategies.