درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: Somatic symptoms consist of a wide range of symptoms and until yet clustering them has been very challenging for researchers and therapists. The present study aims to explore underlying psychological factors of various functional somatic symptoms and determine if there are any similarities or differences in these factors that could help classify these symptoms as one syndrome or discrete ones. Method: This study adopted an association rule mining method based on data mining. 643 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using the checklist of somatic symptoms (Lacourt et al., 2013), Attachment Questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 2017), Defense Style Questionnaire (Andrews et al., 1993), and Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (Lane, 2006). Results: Cognitive, gastrointestinal, and fatigue symptoms are related more to immature defense mechanisms. Musculoskeletal, respiratory, and cardiac symptoms are associated with neurotic defenses. Fatigue symptoms are associated with ambivalent attachment and musculoskeletal symptoms are related more to avoidant attachment. Indeed, it could be said that there are two clusters of somatic symptoms, one of which is attachment and the other is defense mechanisms. This supports the splitters’ view about somatic syndromes. Conclusions: These findings show various types of somatic symptoms have qualitatively different risk factors. Our findings imply that psychotherapists should consider the kind of syndromes a patient has and their underlying psychological predispositions to manage the problem better.  

Objective: In this study, the intervention of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on resilience, rumination, and dysfunctional attitudes in infertile couples is studied.Method: The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and a one-month follow-up with control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of infertile couples referred to Ibn Sina Infertility Center in Tehran, where 30 infertile couples aged 24-40 were selected as research samples by using a purposive sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, who were then randomly assigned into two groups of 15 couples. The research instruments were Connor and Davidson's (2003) Resilience Questionnaire, the Nalen and Huxma (1991) rumination, and the Weissman and Beck (1978) dysfunctional attitude questionnaire that were provided to both groups to collect the required data. The control group stayed on the waiting list, and the mindfulness training was performed for the experimental group during eight weekly sessions (two 90-minute sessions per week), according to Segal, Williams, and Tisdale MBCT Protocol (2018). The sessions were performed online and on Skyroom's platform. The research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).Results: The results showed that MBCT treatment improved resilience and reduced rumination and dysfunctional attitudes in the experimental group and the post-test and follow-up phase (P<0/001).Conclusion: According to the results, employing this approach for infertile couples is helpful and it can be suggested for improving their psychological conditions. 

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and complex disease that requires constant medical and psychological care. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance, commitment, and mindfulness therapy in improving blood sugar control and weight control in people with type 2 diabetes. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all men with type 2 diabetes and overweight in Tehran in 2021. The research samples were 60 patients who were selected through the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned into three equal groups including experimental group A (under acceptance and commitment therapy), experimental group B (under mindfulness therapy), and control group (without intervention). The data collection tool in this study was the HBA1C test to control blood sugar and BMI to control weight. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of blood sugar control and weight control in the acceptance and commitment therapy group and the control group (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the blood sugar control and weight control scores of the mindfulness therapy group and the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that both interventions, especially acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce the psychological and physical problems of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Psychological defense mechanisms reflect how individuals cope with conflicts and stress. This study aimed to describe defense mechanisms in medical interns and their correlation with spiritual health. Method: This cross-sectional study, characterized by its descriptive nature, was carried out among medical students during the 2019-2020 academic year. The participants were 168 medical interns who met the established study criteria and completed two questionnaires: The Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (DSQ-40), devised by Andrews et al. (1993), and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982). Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS version 25, employing Pearson correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA for statistical evaluation. Results: The mean score of mature defense mechanisms (43.31±16.83) among medical interns was higher than immature (98.52±52.8) and neurotic (36.75±18.3) defense mechanisms. The immature defense mechanism was significantly higher in males than in females (99.43±23.41 vs 108.47±23.21, p=0.014). Also, the mean score of immature defense mechanisms in single individuals was considerably higher than in married ones (106.66±24.02 vs 93.12±19.56, p=0.001). The spiritual health of interns had a significant and direct correlation (r=0.249) with mature defense mechanisms and a significant negative correlation (r=-0.336) with immature defense mechanisms. Conclusion: Higher spiritual health in medical interns is associated with greater use of mature defense mechanisms and lesser use of immature defense mechanisms.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide a structural equation modeling for the effect of personality traits on bulimia nervosa with the mediating role of emotional intelligence in nurses. Methods: This research was a descriptive-correlational study that employed structural equation modeling with partial least squares. The research population consisted of all nurses of medical sciences hospitals in Tabriz in 2022. The research sample was 335 people who were selected using stratified sampling. The research tools employed for this purpose were the shorter form of NEO-FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory; 1985), the Binge Eating Scale (BES; Gormally et al., 1982), and Schering's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1996). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and Smart PLS 3 plus SPSS 26 were used for data analysis.  Results: The results showed that in the proposed model, the five main personality traits, except the extroversion variable, have a significant direct and indirect effect on bulimia nervosa,  and another implication of this research is the significant direct effect of emotional intelligence on bulimia nervosa. Another finding was the significant direct effect of the main personality traits on emotional intelligence. Conclusion: The results suggest that interventions for bulimia nervosa should embed education on personality traits and emotional intelligence because, according to the findings, the lower the personality traits, such as neuroticism and higher emotional intelligence, the lower the probability of bulimia nervosa.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of neurofeedback in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in high school deaf girls. Method: A total of 24 deaf female students were randomly assigned to experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group received 15 neurofeedback training sessions targeting the F3 and F4 regions. Both groups completed the DASS-21 questionnaire before and after the intervention.. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated significant reductions in depression (F = 15.680, p<.05), anxiety (F = 5.991, p<.05), and stress (F = 6.100, p<.05) scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Neurofeedback appears to be an effective intervention for improving mental health among deaf adolescents.

Introduction: Whenever there is an outbreak of infectious diseases, psychosocial impact has been observed on individual and social levels globally. The psychological and social effects of the COVID-19 epidemic are potential and widespread, which affect people's mental health in the long term. The present study aimed to investigate the role of neuroticism in predicting psychological distress through perceived stress and loneliness in covid-19.Method: This research was carried out in the form of correlation and structural equations. The statistical population of the research was all the students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, 300 of whom were selected through convenience sampling, and the neuroticism scale was from the short form of the Neo questionnaire, the Cohen et al.'s perceived stress questionnaire, the Kessler psychological distress questionnaire, and the loneliness scale. Social Emotional Assessment for Adults (SELSA-S) was administered to them. Then the obtained data were analyzed using Spss26 and Amos22 software.Results: The results showed that neuroticism is related to psychological distress through loneliness and perceived stress. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of loneliness, perceived stress, and neuroticism with stress, anxiety, and depression.Conclusion: Therefore, considering the increasing spread of psychological distress, it is necessary to reduce people's psychological distress by teaching self-care skills and stress management.

Objective: This research was conducted to study the role of sleep quality moderators in the relationship between depression and treatment compliance.   Method : The research design was descriptive and correlational, and the research population included all patients with multiple sclerosis living in Tehran. 229 subjects with Multiple Sclerosis were selected in a convenient method, and they were asked to answer Morinsky's treatment compliance, Petersburg sleep quality, and Beck's depression questionnaires using the pencil and paper method. Results : Evidence of the predictive role of depressive symptoms for poor adherence to treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis was found. In addition, evidence of the predictive role of sleep quality in treatment adherence was found, but its mediating role in the relationship between depression and treatment adherence was not found. Conclusion : The findings indicated the importance of depression symptoms and sleep quality in the treatment compliance of multiple sclerosis patients. Considering the importance of treatment compliance in the prognosis of the disease, it is suggested that doctors consider this issue to formulate treatment plans to target cognitive and emotional problems parallel to the main treatment of the disease and thereby increase treatment compliance.