Personality

This study examined the possible relationship between Iranian female intermediate EFL learners' personality traits and their vocabulary learning strategies. The participants in this study were 90 female intermediate English language learners. To make sure of their homogeneity, all the participants sat for the Oxford Solution Placement Test. Vocabulary Learning Strategies and Eysenck Personality questionnaires were also administered to the participants. Subsequently, the data were subjected to statistical analyses. The results showed that there was not any statistically significant relationship between Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ personality type and their use of vocabulary learning strategy. However, it appeared that introverts tended to have higher use of memory, cognitive, and metacognitive strategies, while extroverts achieved higher mean scores on determination and social strategies. Furthermore, according to the findings of phi and crammers’ v, the highest degree of relationship was reported for the correlation between social strategy and personality types. In contrast, the lowest amount of correlation was found between metacognitive strategy and personality types.

Thedifferent brand personality has a vital and important role in the success of a brand and customers with different personalities prefer brands which have a proportionate and consistent personality with their personality. The fitness and alignment of the consumer personality and brand personality will lead to brand loyalty. Therefore the present study is aimed to assess the relationship between consumer personality traits, brand personality and brand loyalty. This is a descriptive survey study and a questionnaire is used to collect the data. Analysis of the results indicates the validity and reliability of the used questionnaire. The population of the present study consists of the consumers of the mobile phones in Tehran. For data analysis, the SPSS and LISREL software packages are used .Research findings showed that the consumers' personality traits have significant effect on the brand personality; brand personality has significant effect on the brand loyalty, and ultimately consumers' personality traits have significant effect on the brand loyalty in the mobile phone industry. In other words, all of the hypotheses are confirmed.

The purpose of this descriptive-internet survey was to examine whether Persian- English bilinguals express different personality traits when they switch language when responding to Big Five Inventory (BFI) as a measure of personality once in Persian and once in English. It has been proposed that language activates cultural specific frames and bilinguals represent different personality patterns in each language. In this research 60 Persian- English sequential bilinguals living in the United States were selected by volunteer sampling method. They were asked to respond to an online version of BFI in both languages. The result demonstrated that, bilinguals had higher levels of Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Openness in English than in Persian where as their scores for Neuroticism were lower in English. These findings support the effect of language on personality and demonstrate the function of language as a strong cue for Cultural Frame Switching (CFS) since language was able to activate CFS for Agreeableness, Extraversion, Openness, and Neuroticism.

Aims: We investigated gender differences among adolescents in quality of sleep, psychophysiological problems, dream frequency, emotional states, and personality traits and also if the effect of quality of sleep on psychophysiological problems, dream frequency, emotional states, and personality traits was moderated by gender. Method: High school pupils (n1 = 155, n2 = 142, and n3 = 325) responded to the Uppsala Sleep Inventory, the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, Beck’s Depression Inventory, the Type A-Personality Scale, and the Temperament and Character Inventory. Gender differences were investigated using Multivariate Analyses of Variance and moderation using multi-group Structural Equation Modeling. Results: Girls scored higher in major sleep problems, difficulties falling asleep, night awakenings, psychophysiological problems, dream frequency, negative affect, depression, stress, and Type A-personality. Boys scored higher in novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and persistence. Girls’ quality of sleep was related to their psychophysiological problems, dream frequency, positive affect, negative affect, stress, novelty seeking, reward dependence, persistence, and self-directedness. Boys’ quality of sleep was related to their psychophysiological problems, negative affect, stress, Type A-personality, novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-directedness. Conclusion: Girls showed the unhealthiest sleep-psychophysiological-emotional-personality profile. For both genders, good quality of sleep or “beauty sleep” might result in less psychophysiological problems, less negative affect, less stress, less novelty seeking, and less self-directedness. However, for boys, “sleeping beauty” comprises less Type A-behaviour, ss harm avoidance, and more reward dependence; while for girls “sleeping beauty” comprises less frequency of vivid dreams, more positive affect, less reward dependence, and more persistent behaviour.

Objective: The present study aimed to predict corona disease anxiety among medical staff in Tehran based on five-factor theory of personality. Method: In the present descriptive and correlational study, the statistical population included all medical staff in Tehran in 2020, among which 210 physicians, nurse, and other medical staffs were selected based on snowball sampling method. The instruments included Neo-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis. Findings: Regression analysis indicated significantly Beta coefficients for openness personality traits (-0.238) and conscientiousness personality traits (-0.249). a statistically significant correlation is observed between openness (39%), neuroticism (-39%), extraversion (37%), conscientiousness (34%), and agreeableness (25%) with coronavirus anxiety at the 99% confidence level. Further, the correlation between each of the dimensions and the mental component of coronavirus anxiety is more compared to that of physical one. Conclusion: Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, the micro-components of openness and conscientiousness could predict the level of total coronavirus anxiety. Considering standard coefficients, conscientiousness plays a more important role in predicting the level of total coronavirus anxiety in medical staffs, which decreases by increasing openness and conscientiousness. Medical staff who are higher in openness and conscientiousness personality traits are lower in corona disease anxiety.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and rganizational citizenship behavior and personality traits city staff Lorestan. The research objective of the application and the method of data collection, descriptive, correlative to-be conducted in 1394. The study population of 500 municipal employees Lorestan 217 employees were selected using Cochran formula The selection of the sample, simple random sampling method was used. Datas were collected using standard questionnaires and through statistical tests t, Friedman test and Spearman correlation were analyzed. The main results showed that job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior and personality traits among municipal staff Lorestan 0.99 there is a significant level of confidence.

personality is one of the essential factors to acquire a second language. The Socio-affective strategy helps learners to adjust emotions and motivations. This study investigated the impact of extroversion and introversion on the using socio-affective strategies. The participants of the study were 26 EFL Iranian students at university level at Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. The students who were willing to participate were selected from BA/MA/PhD classes. This descriptive quantitative study used two questionnaires. First, the researcher administered the personality questionnaire developed by Cain (2011) to categorize students into two groups of introvert and extrovert. Next, the socio-affective questionnaire was answered by students. The results of the statistical analyses revealed that there is a significant difference between introverts and extroverts in using socio-affective strategies and the mean score of introverts is higher than extroverts. Also, the results of this study revealed that there is a significant difference between introverts and extroverts in using socio-affective strategy in writing skill. The finding of the study suggests implications regarding the use of socio-affective strategies in introverts and extroverts.

The purpose of this study was to predict cyber victimization based on personality traits, primary maladaptive schemas, and parenting styles among high school students. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 240 male and female students of the high school in the academic year of 2021-2022 were selected using available sampling method. To collect data, the Cyber-bullying/Victimization Experiences Questionnaire (CBVEQ, 2016), The Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C, 2017), The Schema Inventory for Children (SIC, 2010) and the Parenting Style Index-2 (PSI-II, 1997) were used online. The data were analyzed with SPSS software using statistical techniques such as Pearson’s correlation test and multivariate regression analysis. The findings indicated that two factors of personality traits (emotional instability; β= 0.328 and extroversion; β= -0.253), early maladaptive schemas (β= 0.237) and parenting styles (demandingness; β= 0.318 and autonomy granting; β= -0.193) can predict cyber victimization in students. In addition, the findings related to the interaction effect of the predictor variables showed that the interaction between personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and parenting styles (R2= 0.551; P<0.01) is a stronger predictor for cyber victimization in students than each of these variables alone. The findings of this study revealed that emotional instability, maladaptive schemas, and demandingness parenting styles play a very significant role in predicting cyber victimization among high school students. The findings of the present study have some psycho-educational implications that have been discussed.

Personality disorders can play a significant role in creating and perpetuating sexual function problems in women. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between personality patterns and types of female orgasms. The method of the present study was correlational, and a sample of 400 women in Tehran was selected by convenience sampling method. Tests used to collect data were Millon 3 questionnaires (MCMI-III), Women's Sexual Function Questionnaire (FSFI), and Orgasm Scale Assessment (ORS). According to the results, the highest disorder was related to the satisfaction subscale, and the lowest percentage of the research sample was in the orgasm subscale (25.9%) in the subscales of desire, arousal, humidity, and pain, respectively. The percentage of the research sample was 31, 32, 26.3, and 31.4%. According to the results, the narcissism and negativity subscales had a significant relationship with the types of orgasm (P <0.05) and the other subscales had no significant relationship. According to the results of logistic regression, avoidance, sadism, and borderline subscales were able to predict the types of orgasms and the coefficients of other paths in the regression model did not have significant coefficients (P <0.05).

Objective: The aim of the present study was to test the structural model of relationships between personality pathology dimensions and cyberbullying mediated by contingent self-worth in adolescent girls. Methods: This study was tested using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this research included all adolescent female students in District 2 of Tehran during the 2020-2021 academic year. According to the data obtained from the Tehran Department of Education, their total number was 145,398. Based on Michel’s criteria (1993) and using multi-stage cluster sampling, 300 participants were selected as the sample. They responded to the Contingent Self-Worth Questionnaire by Crocker et al. (2003), the Cyberbullying Questionnaire by Antoniadou et al. (2016), and the short form of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5-BF). SPSS.22 and AMOS.22 software were used for data analysis. Findings: The findings from testing the structural model showed that the direct effect of abnormal personality on contingent self-worth was (-0.33), on cyberbullying (0.26), and the direct effect of contingent self-worth on cyberbullying was (-0.40). Contingent self-worth mediated the relationship between abnormal personality and cyberbullying, with the indirect effect of this relationship being (0.13) (P<0.01). Overall, the results indicated that the tested model had a good fit with the conceptual model (RMSEA=0.06; GFI=0.91). Conclusion: It can be concluded that contingent self-worth mediates the relationship between dimensions of abnormal personality and cyberbullying.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rumination and coping strategies with marital self-disclosure. Method: This research is fundamental in terms of its objective and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of all married women at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, during the academic year 2022-2023. To this end, 385 women were selected using Cochran’s formula and convenience sampling method. Participants responded to the Marital Self-Disclosure Questionnaire by Waring et al. (1998), the Ruminative Response Scale by Nolen-Hoeksema et al. (1993), and the Brief COPE Inventory by Endler and Parker (2008). After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression analysis. Findings: The results indicated a significant negative correlation between rumination, avoidance-oriented coping strategies, and emotion-focused coping strategies with marital self-disclosure (p < .01). There was a significant positive correlation between problem-focused coping strategies and marital self-disclosure (p < .01). Conclusion: The results of the multiple regression analysis also revealed that 71.6% of the variance in marital self-disclosure is explained by rumination and coping strategies. Therefore, it can be concluded that rumination and coping strategies can predict marital self-disclosure among married women.

Objective: The present study aimed to explain attitudes toward extramarital relationships based on personality dimensions and sexual schemas, with the mediating role of sexual novelty-seeking. Methods: This research employed a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population included all couples who referred to psychological counseling centers and family courts in Tehran in 2021. The sample size was determined as 674 individuals based on Morgan's table and selected using a convenience sampling method considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Individuals with anxiety or mood disorders were excluded from the study. Research instruments included the Attitudes Toward Extramarital Relationships Questionnaire by Mark (2006), the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (2004), the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Contexts (QCSASC), and the Glass and Wright Justification for Extramarital Relationships Questionnaire (1992). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and path analysis with LISREL software version 10.20. Findings: Results indicated that 30.7% of the variance in attitudes toward extramarital relationships was indirectly explained by personality dimensions and sexual schemas, with the mediating role of sexual novelty-seeking. Based on the findings, attitudes toward extramarital relationships were positively and significantly predicted by neuroticism (path coefficient = 0.25), openness to experience (path coefficient = 0.84), sexual schemas (path coefficient = 0.27), and sexual novelty-seeking (path coefficient = 0.16). Conclusion: The findings revealed that attitudes toward extramarital relationships were negatively and significantly predicted by agreeableness (path coefficient = -0.38) and conscientiousness (path coefficient = -0.33). Thus, personality traits and sexual schemas predict extramarital relationships and sexual novelty-seeking.