درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Urban centres in the world are undergoing facets of changes, these changes are evident in developing countries and more divergent because urban transformation in developing countries is often accompanied challenges which include traffic congestion, overcrowding, pollution and continuous land use succession. This phenomenon is not different with the central area of Minna, Nigeria. Since 2008 the central area of Minna has had different changes meant to address the problems of overcrowding, on street trading, indiscriminate waste disposal and traffic congestion. Against this background, this study assessed the changes that have occurred with implications on human settlement, generally; by exامینing the levels of land use succession, and ascertaining its implications on Minna central area. Data employed in this study includes high resolution image of the the Minna central area and socioeconomic characteristics of Minna obtained through the use of questionnaires using purposive sampling techniques. The data were corroborated with Geo-spatial analysis. The study reveals that between 2008 to 2016 there was a significant change in urban transformations in Minna central area as 75% of the residential area were converted to commercial uses, although the Minna central market was also relocated to a new site in order to address the issues, little was however achieved as this only relocated the problems to another part of the town. This study recommends that urban management and monitoring (development control) of Minna city centre and similar cities should imbibe the current SDGs approach that emphasizes participation and inclusive planning approach to urban development. 

: Land use planning and organized urban activities are the pivot of urban planning. Unders tanding patterns of urban land and property ownership is important because it affects the nature and shape of urban development, especially on the edge of cities with many social and economic features in one hand and some illegal subdivision of lands occur in this place on the other hand that is very important in providing urban sus tainable plans. For implementing the urban development plan; mus t acquire lands that it isn’t an easy work for municipalities. For example the lands located along the southeas tern edge of Tehran, called "Niroo Daryaee", though 80% of them are abandoned and have several social and environmental problems, which was decided to provide urban local plan for it by considering spatial, visual, social and environmental features and using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. But the shape, form and sys tem of land ownership is serious and has a limitation in implementing different types of plans. Thus municipality of Tehran tries changing res trictions to opportunities; it does not interfere in the form of lands because it is much cos tlier so decides to involve landowners to build their land, attracting public participation in successful implementation of the plan. Respecting citizens’ rights, doing in his obligations has achieved satisfaction of residences as the final and real users of the plan

The usage of social theories in the human-built environment caused to enhance life quality. It may consist of human needs in residential areas. Sometimes, building codes can help to exist accepted life space, but the building codes do not have basic theory such as actual open space in residential plots. The study was an attempt to represent a new approach in urban land subdivision and the relationship between social theories and built up area. The research question was how to determine the open- space ratio. Main indicators were related to residential areas in urban areas in Iran which the lot size and urban density appear. The study tried to represent optimum open- space ratio based on Edward Hall's theory. The method was based on mathematical model and social theory. Finally, it resulted in optimum OSR in lot and it was not enough open- space ratios in existing situation.  This study came to this conclusion that existing open- space measure was not enough for any Lot in new residential areas based on mentioned theory. In addition, investigation showed that the human distances effected on open and built up space ratio in a new residential layout. It was concluded that every residential area can have an optimum open- space ratio based on its situation. The results can use new residential layouts for enhancing human-built environments, but it noticed that there are not certain tools for making high-quality environments based on social theories. 

The existence of brownfields in cities, and their common disadvantages, such as pollution and their detriment to natural habitats, have damaged local communities and their environment over time. Whereas the renovation and regeneration of these brownfields and transforming them into centers of activity could assist the economy and society to flourish. At the same time improving the quality of the environment could allow us to attain healthier, more attractive and safer communities. A neighborhood is a social network with a social and regional identity and a place where social interactions occurs. Focusing on enriching the neighborhood, nourishing social life and meeting the social and intellectual needs of the individual. The renovation of the defunct strip of land where the Tehran-Tabriz railway existed and its transformation into a linear park does not only have a positive effect on the local economy and environment but also connects the northern and southern sections of Yaftabad, by increasing safety and social interactions and enriches the local community. This research aimed to answer the following questions: 1- What are the guidelines of improving urban development and the quality of life of the people in regarding restoration and renovation of useless lands? 2- Is the construction of a ‘Green’ Pathways on the borders of brownfields could integrate neighborhoods? In order to address these questions, a descriptive-analytical method was used. In addition to library research and analysis of previously tested procedures in this field, by the help of a questionnaires, which was distributed through local population to specify their requested standards and quality requirements. The results showed that the people greatly desired this brownfield regeneration to a new improved environment and community. In the planning segment, with attention to standards set by the people, suggestions were presented.