درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: High-velocity low-intensity actions result in reduced hemodynamic responses. Additionally, eccentric actions are associated with reduced hemodynamic and metabolic responses. Aim: This study aimed to investigate acute hemodynamic, hematological, and electrocardiographic responses to high-velocity low-intensity concentric resistance exercise (HVLICRE) and low-velocity high-intensity eccentric resistance exercise (LVHIERE) in healthy young adults. Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 healthy young men were divided into two groups (HVLICRE: 40% 1RM, LVHIERE: 80% 1RM). The exercise protocol consisted of five sets of 10 repetitions, with 90 sec of rest between the sets and a two-second interval between actions. For data analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's post hoc test were performed at a significance level of P ≤0.05. Results: LVHIERE led to greater RPE ( P ≤0.05), compared to HVLICRE. Also, LVHIERE was associated with a significant increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and a significant decrease in the parasympathetic nervous system as compared to HVLICRE ( P ≤0.05). Conclusion: HVLICRE and LVHIERE produced similar effects on blood glucose, serum lactate, hematocrit, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. LVHIERE can be investigated as part of the strategy of rehabilitation programs in future studies.

Due to the special features of Instagram and Telegram and the newness of this phenomenon, many people in the society have not gained the opportunity or ability to know this space in detail and their lack of proper familiarity with this space, influence in the political, social, and economic fields. , has followed culture and security for them. Therefore, in this research, the relationship between the use of Instagram and Telegram with the security and social trust of users has been investigated. The method of this research is descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of the research included 16-19-year-old users in the 12th district of Tehran, and the statistical sample size was determined to be 380 people based on Cochran's formula. The survey data collection method and the data measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings of the research showed that the amount and history of using Instagram and Telegram is effective on security and social trust. Meanwhile, the correlation of social and cultural content on security and social trust is positive and significant, and the correlation between economic and security content with security and social trust is negative and significant. The relationship between the political content of Instagram and Telegram with trust and social security is not significant. Finally, virtual media has had an impact on the security and social trust of Tehran users.

The distinction between "Religion" and "Religiosity culture and religious beliefs in the sensory and phenomenological perspective" has sociological significance and demonstrates a distinct pattern of sociology. The present study in the first section with critically approaches to the "Sociology of Religion" explains the inadequacy of its conceptual and perceptual organization in explaining sociological relationships of religion, with an emphasis on the inherently reductionist and methodological nature of this prevalent discipline. To this aim, the author explains that a "Correct understanding of religion - especially Islam - can be considered as a foundation that influences the existing understanding of sociology of religion" and examines the relationship between religion and society from a distinct perspective compared to the prevailing literature worldwide, highlighting the distinction of this approach compared to the intradisciplinary literature, which mainly involves an essentialist and fixed perception of religion and religious society in the dominant intellectual-religious traditions in the Islamic world. The author argues in this field with an "Ijtihadi" and "Intra-religious" approach about the combined and creative role of "Social Traditions of God" with "Faith and distinctive characteristics of Islamic spirituality" in constructing a new identity for society. By referring to the idea that "When people take steps towards God and the kingdomin a planned manner, they become closer to each other and a global community takes shape," it reaches a new level of religious and Islamic society. In fact, forming the institutions with common and distinct featuressuch as mosques, pilgrimage, and recently the Arbaeen of Imam Hussein (AS) in relation to the historical and glorious experience of the Islamic community in Medina shows that the Islamic society is a society established on justice and fairness, which follows its principles by creating sensitivity towards "Perceptive and Cognitive" levels, "Moral and Inclination" values, and "Behavioral and Action" aspects, within the framework of "Faith and Righteous Deeds."

Development programs design and operationalize land changes. Although development programs in Iran have been new, interventions in Iranian land have a long history. In other words, the methods of nurturing and exploiting natural and human resources identifiable in indigenous technologies have over time created a specific combination and fabric in the land that reflected the ancient organization of the Iranian land. Therefore, land changes in the Pahlavi era - which result from the implementation of development programs within the framework of modernization- are placed in relation to the organization of the land in the historical background of the country's population. Therefore, the main question of the article is, ‘How did land reform in Iran during the Pahlavi era take shape and what characteristics did it have?’ The present study used descriptive-analytical and critical method. It seems that regarding the external nature of the development programs of the Pahlavi era and their lack of indigenous foundation, the designed land changes lack the characteristic convergence between culture and technology, and neglect and indifference to the vital role of the ecosystem in the mentioned connection. In fact, the findings indicate that land changes resulting from modernization programs were designed and operationalized in confrontation with the pre-modern organization of the land. The interventionist approach in land during the Pahlavi era has resulted in a divergence in the cultural-ecosystem-technology cohesion. The result of this interventionist approach in land during the Pahlavi era has been a divergence in the cultural ecosystem-t