درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Physical activity affects the health of the body's organs through several processes. Apoptosis is one of the important cellular processes that play a role in maintaining the balance between cell death and tissue growth. Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the previous findings regarding the effect of physical activity and exercise on apoptosis in order to obtain a relatively comprehensive knowledge of this effect by summarizing and analyzing the data. Materials and Methods: To collect the information of the articles, a search was made from PubMed, MEDLINE, SID, IranMedex, IranDoc, Magiran and Medlib databases. More than 80 scientific articles from 2000 to 2023 were reviewed. The keywords used were: physical activity, aerobic exercise, endurance exercise, apoptosis and cell suicide. After the review, finally 26 articles were selected. Then, the selected items were fully studied and finalized, and the items that were more complete than the others were selected as references. Conclusion: Physical activity and exercise, especially aerobic exercise, as a safe, cheap and accessible method, can reduce apoptosis through several mechanisms. The breadth of studies in this field, and the overlapping of many data, allows us to confidently introduce exercise and aerobic activity as one of the best methods of regulating body homeostasis and reducing apoptosis.

Purpose: Today, the use of cyber social media is increasing dramatically. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of factor analysis of the extreme enthusiasm of the use of cyber social media in athletes and coaches. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive-survey. The research population was the athletes and coaches of Tehran city, which the sample size based on Cochran's formula were determined 386 people, but 400 questionnaires were distributed and these numbers were selected by cluster sampling method. The tools of the current research were included a demographic information form and a researcher-made questionnaire of extreme enthusiasm of the use of cyber social media with 24 items, and the data obtained from their implementation were analyzed with the methods of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS-22 and LISREL-8.5 software. Findings: The findings showed that the extreme enthusiasm of the use of cyber social media in athletes and coaches had 24 items in 6 components of social interaction, entertainment, internet unemployment, extreme enthusiasm, emotions and belonging in sports; So that the factor loading of all items was higher than 0.50, and the average variance extracted of all components was higher than 0.50 and the Cronbach's alpha of all components was higher than 0.70. Also, the extreme enthusiasm model of the use of cyber social media in athletes and coaches had a good fit, and in this model, the effect of entertainment, social interaction and internet unemployment on extreme enthusiasm, the effect of extreme enthusiasm on belonging in sports and emotions, and the effect of belonging in sports on emotions was meaningful (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, factors such as social interaction, entertainment, internet unemployment, extreme enthusiasm, emotions and belonging in sports had an effective role in the extreme enthusiasm of the use of cyber social media in athletes and coaches.

The examination of exchange rate management, interest rate, and capital market openness is one of the topics under discussion in macroeconomic policies. The assumption in maintaining equilibrium among these three policies is that any change in one of these policies requires an appropriate change in the combination of the other two policies, and there is always an equilibrium among them. The selection of three indicators; exchange rate stability, monetary policy independence, and financial market openness, is well known as the Mundell-Fleming model or the Impossible trinity. The current study explores the common determinants of exchange rate stability, monetary policy independence, and financial market openness using the panel data from a period of 2001 to 2020. Initially, using economic and structural principles, the common determinants of the impossible trinity policy are identified, then parameter estimation is carried out using the SUR model. Finally, it is examined how deviations from the impossible trinity assumption create a political pressure that may lead to a crisis unless policymakers adjust a proper combination compatible with it.