International Journal of Business and Development Studies

Since public procurement involves such large amounts of money in various procurement operations, it is imperative to ensure value for money (VfM), electronic procurement is a modern tool through which value for money can be attained, this study determine the influence ofelectronic procurement strategy on Value for Money in construction project. Study used a cross section design to collect data from 160 employees from different department who were sampled based on their strata and by using questionnaire. The study found that reliability and speedy of electronic procurement increases the efficiency of construction projects. The study concludes that electronic procurement, is the key tools through in which, if utilized well the construction project in public organization will be efficiency, economy and effectively through trade discount and communication. Also, electronic procurement increase transparency and to a large extent brought about simplicity of the work done despite of the challenge of network problem.

The concept of corporate social responsibility holds that a business must prioritize triple bottom lines, which include monitoring social and environmental issues in addition to its financial performance. This study aims to examine the effect of company size, profitability, leverage, and industry type on social responsibility disclosure. This study uses secondary data in the form of annual reports of manufacturing companies in 2022 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The sample used was 137 annual reports obtained through the purposive sampling method. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis using a significance level of 5% (0.05). Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that company size, profitability, and leverage have a significant effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure. While the type of industry has no significant effect on social responsibility disclosure.

The research has contributed extensively in the area of Good Governance and Supportive Work Culture since there was very limited study on their relationship from theories studied. But this research results achieved that because it’s been significant in the path model. There were several researches on Good governance and Job Satisfaction and, Supportive Work Culture and Job Satisfaction but not much is proving on Good Governance and Supportive Work Culture as the main research gap identified in the theoretical model. This research has confirmed that there is strong relationship between Good Governance and Supportive Work Culture. This result has showed that Good Governance effects Job Satisfaction through Supportive Work Culture partially mediated because Good Governance can have some direct effects to Job Satisfaction without Supportive Work Culture mediating since it is not a complete mediation. This is a scientific research paper with the aim to add findings knowledge to researcher fratanity.

The examination of exchange rate management, interest rate, and capital market openness is one of the topics under discussion in macroeconomic policies. The assumption in maintaining equilibrium among these three policies is that any change in one of these policies requires an appropriate change in the combination of the other two policies, and there is always an equilibrium among them. The selection of three indicators; exchange rate stability, monetary policy independence, and financial market openness, is well known as the Mundell-Fleming model or the Impossible trinity. The current study explores the common determinants of exchange rate stability, monetary policy independence, and financial market openness using the panel data from a period of 2001 to 2020. Initially, using economic and structural principles, the common determinants of the impossible trinity policy are identified, then parameter estimation is carried out using the SUR model. Finally, it is examined how deviations from the impossible trinity assumption create a political pressure that may lead to a crisis unless policymakers adjust a proper combination compatible with it.

Women entrepreneurs use virtual social networks in their professional relationships. These relationships with higher quality leads to better performance in their businesses. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of virtual social networks on improving rural women’s entrepreneurship. The statistical population of the study included all members of the Agricultural Development Specialized Holding Companies in Fars province in Iran. The study was conducted using survey and stratified random sampling methods with 269 individuals participated via questionnaires. The results indicated that virtual social networks had a favorable effect on rural women’s businesses. There was a significant difference between women in the different studied counties regarding the effects of virtual social networks on business. In addition, a significant difference was observed between women in various groups regarding the effect of virtual social networks on business. In addition, greater effect of virtual social networks on women’s businesses led to higher business resilience among the women entrepreneur and their businesses, which resulted in increasing the women’s information about business activities and their entrepreneurial activities in their businesses. Further, more use of social networks by the women led to more use of marketing methods and strategies. Therefore, it is suggested that Agricultural Development Specialized Holding Companies use the functions of virtual social networks in order to information transfer, networking and online training for members when necessary. Also provide the necessary training in the application of appropriate marketing methods and strategies to rural women entrepreneurs using these networks.

During the last three decades, financial sanctions have been imposed on Iran by the United States, the European Union, and the United Nations Security Council. This paper aims at estimating the effect of financial sanctions on the import of capital and intermediate goods in Iran, which was carried out for two independent time periods. The first period (2010-2013) includes multilateral financial sanctions, and the second period (2016-2019) includes multilateral sanctions and the withdrawal of the United States from the JCPOA. We examined the impact using the difference-in-difference (DID) method. The results of the first period indicate that the decrease in the imports of capital and intermediate goods in Iran depends more on the countries that "provided the sanctions plan" than the countries that did not provide the sanctions plan, because the coefficient of dummy variable for implementation in the random effects model is statistically significant. The negative effect of 0.007 on imports shows that the effect is weak, because this group of countries behaved differently. In the second period, the random effects model is statistically significant. In this model, the negetive effect of 0.22 on imports indicates a significant effect. Therefore, the reduction of Iran's imports in this period depends more on the countries that provided the sanctions plan than the countries that did not provide the plan.

This paper attempts to compare a Markov-Switching Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (MS-DSGE) model by including deep habits consumption to a MS-DSGE model without deep habits. It is concluded that the deep habit adjusted model with regime switching is able to fit the Iranian data better. The results of estimating parameters indicate that deep habit formation, together with the persistence of habit stock, are significant parameters. The results also confirm that current and future consumption demand, expected marginal cost and stock of habits are effective driving forces in extracted New Keynesian Philips Curve considering deep habits. However, in contrast with Ravn et al (2006, 2010) findings, it is shown that presence of deep habit consumption in the model for Iranian economy, cannot lead to reduce inflation in response to monetary shock while the amount of increase in inflation in response to monetary shock in the model with deep habit is less than inflation increase in model without deep habits. Furthermore, in response to fiscal shock in the model considering deep habits, the negative effect of wealth could not be compensated in Iranian economy. Therefore, consumption begins to decrease in response to fiscal shock, although these reduction in the model without deep habits takes more longer than in the model with deep habits.

Digital banking (DB) is becoming a popular choice for many customers who value convenience and efficiency. However, it is also important to evaluate how well Internet banks perform in terms of customer satisfaction. This study aims to comprehensively identify and evaluate suitable indicators for DB implementation to promote its acceptance among users. Both financial institutions and customers perceive Internet banking services as more convenient compared to conventional branch-based services. We employed two techniques: The Importance-Performance Matrix and the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The Importance-Performance Matrix helped us rank the identified factors according to their importance and urgency for improving the bank’s performance. The analytical hierarchy process helped us compare and weigh the relative importance of various criteria and sub-criteria that affect the bank’s performance. According to our findings, the bank’s performance was influenced by five factors: ease of use, privacy, speed, human resources, and technology. We also discovered that ease of use and privacy were the most urgent factors that required immediate attention from the bank. Therefore, we advise that Tejarat Internet Bank's services focus on enhancing security and ease of use as their top priorities to improve their performance. This research introduces a novel perspective by switching the typical focus of online banking research from corporate entities to individual clients, this research offers an innovative point of view. Our investigation provides valuable insights useful for retail banking and banks that deal with corporate clients by extensively comparing and evaluating the unique requirements of these two consumer segments.

The impact of health infrastructure on economic growth in the framework of endogenous growth models has been studied in a few research pieces; however, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on economic growth in the endogenous growth models has not yet been studied. The present article expands the existing pieces of literature in several ways. First, investigating the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on economic growth in a steady-state situation. Second, identifying the threshold level of health infrastructure impact on long-term economic growth by considering the Covid-19 pandemic. Third, modeling of population dynamics and the Covid-19 pandemic. Fourth, modeling the level of following the protocols and public awareness of the Covid-19 pandemic and examining their impact on long-term economic growth. The developed model was calibrated using the information of a transition country, Iran. Results show If the health infrastructure is higher than the threshold level of 0.87, the output level will have an upward trend in the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic. Otherwise, the output trend will be downward. The increasing output could lead to the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic even in the long run in the Iranian economy. At a certain level of income, with the improvement of the health infrastructure, the level of Covid-19 pandemic release will decrease.

Knowledge, as one of the pillars of success, is an essential factor for innovation, production and economic growth. Knowledge management is a new strategy that organizations, would need that so as to increase their performance and success. In case companies don’t use knowledge management system correctly and at proper time, they would be either faced with failure or obliged to leave the arena of contest. Agricultural knowledge-based companies have a key role for the regeneration of the agriculture and increase of the employment of agricultural graduates in this field. As presently the challenge of managers is to provide a suitable environment for the growth of the human mind in knowledge-oriented companies that embrace a cutting-edge approach to knowledge management, wherein knowledge is tailored to fit the specific context, are poised for success. By fostering effective learning, this approach leads to enhanced performance and improved efficiency. In this study, many studies were reviewed and generations of knowledge management were analyzed with a paradigmatic approach. Almost 100 related books and articles were reviewed through archival research. The findings showed that knowledge-based companies should go from the first generation of knowledge management to the use of the fourth generation; that way the internet use, social networks, analytical tools, intelligent agents, etc., might have a great participation with one another, which leads to their stay in the contest scene, and their faster achievement of future-oriented and dynamic results. Therefore, it is suggested that agricultural knowledge-based companies have focus on transformational management and its characteristics.

Improving the team's psychological safety in multicultural situations requires attention to the cultural competence of leaders. This is despite the fact that prosperous industries and businesses related to the clothing field that experience multicultural and diverse environments in terms of diversity of human resources in Iraq have paid less attention to this issue. Based on this, the aim of this study is to recognize the cultural competence of leaders for psychological safety.The research method is exploratory and qualitative content analysis. The research community was experts and owners of clothing industries at the high and middle levels of companies and factories of clothing production, from which the purposeful sampling method dependent on the criterion with 22 people reached the data saturation. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. After implementing open and axial coding, the data were analyzed through MAXQDA software. Validation of data was done through external auditors and member checking. Finding showed that the cultural competencies of leaders for the development of psychological safety in work teams include team safety competencies, safe leadership competencies, and safety cultural competencies.

The number of international visitors in Tanzania has consistently remained around one million since 2012. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of electronic payment in enhancing financial flow on the performance of tour operators' supply chains, guided by the Technology Acceptance Model. A convergent parallel mixed-method design was employed using a sampling frame comprised of 543 tour operators. A sample of 230 respondents was selected using multi-stage sampling. Primary data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and an interview guide. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics to compute percentages, means of respondents’ answers, and cross-tabulations. Inferential statistics employing Structural Equation Modeling was applied to test hypotheses through IBM SPSS Amos version 20. Qualitative data were thematically analysed using NVivo version 20. The findings revealed that electronic payment positively and significantly influenced tour operators’ supply chain performance. The results of the Structural Equation Modeling using three indicators namely, perceived security, transaction procedures, and regulatory framework, indicate that electronic payment directly influenced tour operators’ supply chain by increasing sales, Return on Assets, and profit. The study recommends that both the government and tour operators invest in modern electronic payment technologies to influence consumers’ purchase decisions, thereby increasing consumers’ spending. Strategic efforts and collaboration between stakeholders, including government bodies, industry regulators, and tour operators, are essential to create a secure, reliable, and trustworthy environment for the success of e - e-payment systems usage.