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This contribution focuses on Heidegger’s critique of the vulgar nationalism contained in the Black Notebooks (1931-1938), and it follows the rejection of ideologisms that many of his works entail. According to Heidegger’s juridical reflection, “freedom is the ground of the inner possibility of correctness” with which external ideologies such as that of nationalism are avoided. This suggestion contrasts with Heidegger pro-Semitic orientation, testified by his rector’s speech in 1933, but is in line with the distance Heidegger sets between both the moral and the epistemological-ontological world, supported in his writings since the Marburg lectures (1923-1928). In the type of society, Heidegger figures out individuals live together in the πόλις by ek-sisting into the truth of being and by understanding the assignment of those directives that must become their laws and rules. These principles can’t be merely something fabricated by human reason, because they are a) the expression of social thinking made upon a juridical and normative framework close to liberalism. According to Heidegger, humanity is conceived to be free-in and able to choose the avoidance of totalitarian regimes voluntarily, as well as of eternal values supporting ideologies. With the freedom-in concept Heidegger b) solves the problem of coercive violence caused by the restriction of the ought to (i.e. the obligations that come from ideologies) towards the Being, to show the significance of ἦθος in which Dasein is placed. The choice to be in the ἦθος c) provides an explanation based on Heidegger’s critique of technology in his post-Turning writings. This critique clarifies why a national socialist ideology, making use of such technical instruments and supporting ethical materialism, is not in line with the political ontology Heidegger promotes in his writings.

The passion scale mainly focuses on the passion for achievement or becoming good in some area/theme/skill. This study aimed to translate the passion scale and assess reliability and content and construct validity for the passion scale in athletic adults in Tehran city. A cross-cultural translation was used to generate a Persian-English version of the passion scale. A total of 200 athletes adults with age 26/79 ± 5/01 completed Persian version of passion scale (PS), enabling us to investigate its feasibility, content validity, internal consistency, construct validity and test-retest reliability. 30 athletes adults stated that all the questionnaire items were simple, clear, and related to the objectives. The overall pattern of results suggests that the scale for passion presented here is applicable for the age studied. The calculated CVI and CVR were 0.94 and 0.91, respectively. All individual item scores correlated positively with the total score, with correlations ranging from 0.67 to 0.81. The Cronbach's alpha value for the standardized items was 0.88. Pearson correlations coefficient between total score passion scale and Grit-S scale were 0.53 for athletic adults. Intra class correlation coefficients (ICCs) between test and retest scores for the total score was 0.92. The results of this study showed that this Persian version of passion scale in athletes adults has a good validity and reliability and can be used in investigating passion of athletes adults.

This article attempts to shed light on translation in the multilingual novel, an operation carried out by the author himself. For this purpose, we have chosen Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini translated into French by Mille Soleils splendids. Persian-speaking just like his characters, the author adopts English as his writing language but feeds it with Persian idioms that he glosses in different ways during his story. The writer incorporation modes of the original language into novel's vehicular language as well as the translation strategies adopted for the transfer of meaning, are the subject of our research. Plurilingualism study in the novel genre, these facts and effects, constitute the theoretical framework on which the textual strategies analysis of translation in the novel is carried out. The translation processes which take care of the language referents strangeness and original culture's such as borrowing and transfer being the processes most used by Hosseini , his glossary practice which reassures an almost perfect understanding for the universal reader the peculiarity of writer-translator pen's  

Methods: The present study was semi-independent in terms of its purpose, application, and research method. It utilized a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. Among the addicts referred to the Paris addiction treatment center in Tehran in 1400, 45 individuals were randomly selected through a lottery and assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received 8 sessions of reality therapy combined with compassion-based therapy, while the second experimental group received 8 sessions of reality therapy alone. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data collection involved the use of Antonoski's Psychological Coherence Scale (1993) in its short form, Sanson et al.'s Self-Destruction Questionnaire (1998), and Smets et al.'s Fatigue Questionnaire (1996). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 software and repeated measurements analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The results of the research demonstrated that both compassion-based therapy and reality therapy significantly contributed to the improvement of psychological coherence, reduction of self-destruction behaviors, and alleviation of fatigue in substance abusers. In other words, individuals who participated in either compassion-based therapy or reality therapy experienced increased psychological coherence and decreased tendencies towards self-harm and fatigue. However, no significant difference was found between the two therapy groups in terms of their impact on the studied variables.