درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Stories are rooted in the cultural beliefs of every nation, especially the mythological stories that originated from the ethnic and national unconscious according to Jung. The objective of the present study was to analyze the Azeri story "Malik Mohammad, Malik Ahmad and Malik Jamshid" based on Joseph Campbell's hero journey's theory (1987-1904). The significance of this study is the cultural and mythological importance of folk tales and Campbell's theory. This study was conducted as interdisciplinary by descriptive-analytical method. The question is; How do the stages of the above story match Campbell's hero journey? What are the most important mythological symbols of this story? Hypothesis Given the mythological nature of this story, although not all stages of the hero journey can be applied, it definitely has many stages, and many mythological symbols can be found and analyzed. Some of the study results; due to the Oedipus complex in the hero (Malik Mohammad), instead of him reaching unity with the father with the help of the goddess, the father of the earth (the king) is in love with the mother, and he, with the connivance of the goddess, prevented the two from reaching each other. Therefore, the stage of his oneness with the father is not complete. Also, this folk tale, with its simple plot, lacks stages of the hero's refusal of the return, magic flight and rescue from without to bring the hero back, and the hero simply returns to society.

Purpose: One of the important functions in the football game is the decision-making function, which should be improved and promoted. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining and comparing the effectiveness of teaching game for understanding, sports teaching and their combination on the decision-making performance in the football game of students. Methodology: The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design without a control group. The statistical population of this study was all male students aged 10 to 12 years in Tehran city in the fourth to sixth grades. The sample of the research was 60 people who were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in three experimental groups. The research tool was game performance evaluation tool (G-PET), which evaluates game performance from different aspects including decision-making (passing, dribbling and shooting). The first experimental group was trained with the method of teaching game for understanding, the second experimental group was trained with the method of sports teaching 15 sessions, and the third experimental group was trained with their combination method. The data were analyzed with the methods of paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test in SPSS version 25 software at a significance level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that all three methods of teaching game for understanding, sports teaching and their combination improved the decision-making performance in the football game of students (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of decision-making performance; So that the effectiveness of teaching game for understanding was higher in compared to sports teaching and their combination, and in addition, the effectiveness of combined teaching was higher in compared to sports teaching (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, to improve the decision-making performance in the football game of students can use the method of teaching game for understanding, method of combining teaching game for understanding and sports teaching, and finally, the method of sports teaching.

Penser la relation entre l’État et les pauvres ne consiste pas seulement pour les romanciers des Lumières à s’intéresser à la législation et à la politique publique adoptée pour traiter le problème de la pauvreté, mais passe aussi par d’autres filtres, tels que les utopies ou les nations étrangères, qui offrent d’autres cadres de pensée, moins contraignants et autorisant un certain nombre d’audaces chez les auteurs. Il s’agira pour nous de déterminer les apports de ce détour par des créations romanesques et de se demander si ce détour est une étape nécessaire pour penser les nations pauvres. Les romanciers les plus brillants, tels Montesquieu, Prévost ou Rousseau, livrent des récits où la réflexion portant sur le rapport entre État et pauvreté n’est pas un simple matériau d’assemblage, plus ou moins adroitement agencé. Les romans, en ce cas, ne sont pas uniquement un écho aux débats du temps ou un miroir de la société à un instant T, mais développent la question, amènent le lecteur pour son plus grand plaisir là où il ne s’y attendait pas.