درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Iran, as the fifth country in the field of crude oil production and the second largest gas producer in the world, is apt to the growth and development of the petrochemical industry, as the largest exporter of non-oil products, has a significant role in economic prosperity. In this respect, considering the sanctions of recent years on the export of crude oil and the situations of selling crude oil, it is important to pay attention to this industry as an effective factor in circumventing the sanctions as well as currency appreciation. In this study, the factors affecting the supply of urea exports to the export destinations of the UAE, Turkey, China and India in the period 2001-2009 are examined and analyzed. According to the studies, the factors that have affected the supply of Iranian urea exports can be referred to as GDP of target countries, real exchange rate, exchange rate fluctuations, trade liberalization, price exchange relationship, refinery raw materials prices and sanctions as livestock variables. . In this study, the real exchange rate volatility index was estimated using the GARCH model and then the supply model of Iranian urea exports was estimated by ARDL pattern. According to studies, the variables of GDP and trade liberalization have a significant positive effect on the supply of Iran exports in the short and long term, but other variables have a significant negative effect on the supply of Iran exports in the short and long term.

From the geopolitics point of view, the city is considered a geographic space that a variety range of actors competes with each other for achieving power and benefits, and in this proceeding, economy and capital are in the spotlight. It can be said function of capital in urban space is much-expanded that causing the formation of contesting, so capital is studied in urban geopolitics. For this reason, capital is the major issue of this study and authors have tried to show how capital affects the spaces of urban geography with a critical approach. Ontologically, this study is descriptive-analytical research and has used library methodology to achieve the goals. Results demonstrate which, from a critical geopolitics point of view urban space is an important focus for presenting the appearance of spatial political economy, which in its framework a collection of spatial proceedings and functions of capital, is recognizable and displayable.

The purpose of this study is theoretical and methodological substantiation, deepening of the conceptual provisions and development of the scientific and practical recommendations on the formation of mechanisms for crime prevention in the border regions of the southern of Ukraine. The relevance of this study is due to the need to solve the problem crime by introducing precautionary measures in the border regions of the southern of Ukraine (Bondarenko et al., 2021).The study proved the direct dependence of the level and intensity of crime on the proximity of areas to areas of significant social and criminological tension, to areas of instability and armed conflict, which contributes to the militarization of the population and increasing psychological preparedness for conflict and its antisocial methods (Iatsyshyn et al., 2020). It is established that in the border regions of the south of Ukraine the growth of criminal crime for the studied period significantly exceeds the data for Ukraine. The threats to irredentism and separatism, international terrorism, organized crime of a transnational global scale are real for the southern regions of Ukraine: economic smuggling, smuggling of weapons, ammunition and means of terror, drug trafficking, unregulated migration, trafficking in human beings and their organs. Priorities for Ukraine have been set task of crime prevention: introduction of the newest technologies of protection of a law and order, attraction of scientific and industrial potential of regions, establishment of coordination and interaction between subjects of maintenance of frontier safety at all levels (frontier, national, interstate and international) and cross-border interaction with the international organizations of fight against organized crime. Based on international experience, crime prevention measures in the border regions of southern Ukraine are proposed in the following areas: general social precautionary measures; special criminological precautions;international cooperation in the development of cross-border cooperation;introduction of automated security systems and crime prevention; informational and educational activities of formationlegal culture among the population and the public

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to present a framework for studying the consequences of rural tourism entrepreneurship development. Design/methodology/approach- The type of study is applied Research and descriptive-exploratory in essence. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the validity of the questionnaire items was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (.876). Based on statistical population of experts, local managers and owners of tourism complexes in the villages of Darram and Chavarzgh counties that were selected through purposive non-probability sampling method, 277 households were selected from the owners of tourism complexes and practitioners related to tourism activity. The field-library data collection and data analysis were performed using SPSS software and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS software. The relevance of the four factors affecting the outcomes of rural tourism entrepreneurship development is discussed. Finding- The results show that the extent of the impact of independent variables of entrepreneurship on tourism development outcomes in the study area, respectively, are the indicators of the opportunities created by the growth and development of entrepreneurship with 0.98 as the first rank and the most influential, socio-economic value creation index of entrepreneurship with 0.87, which is ranked second, innovation and creativity index is ranked third with 0.43 and finally, environmental entrepreneurship index of tourism entrepreneurship is 0.38 and is ranked fourth. Practical implications- The formulation framework for evaluating the implications of tourism entrepreneurship development presented in this study has a meaningful and acceptable explanation in the study area.