درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Artificial Intelligence (AI), as a strategic technology, has provided a platform for international competition; ever since the development of the first AI strategy in 2017, to the final days of 2021, more than fifty countries drafted or declared their national strategy aiming at becoming one of the pioneering countries in this field. Although the United States is known as the current pioneering country in the field of AI, China has been able to lead in various areas related to AI, such as occupational opportunities, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Blockchain, and G5, which, due to the historical significance of emerging technologies in changing the balance of power, present a clear image of what is to come at the international stage. Given the novelty of artificial intelligence in the balance of power, the author asks about the effect of China’s artificial intelligence on the international balance of power. The answer is the hypothesis that China tries to effectively interact with its leading private artificial intelligence companies and implement this technology in internal, economic, and military governance. Thus, China aims to raise its national power and challenge the American hegemony through hard internal balance, paving the way for a multipolar world order alongside other regional powers leading in artificial intelligence. This could lead to further instability in the international system. The research hypothesis was analyzed using the explanatory method and Mearsheimer's Balance of Power Theory, and the data collection method consisted of library research.

The Verse 59 of the Surah Al-ahzāb plays a key role in inferring the ruling on Hijab due to its legislative characteristics. Does this verse specify the scope and realm of hijab? Does it have a wisdom for a ruling or a cause? Does it show exclusive concepts, if it shows the hijab? Can we refer to the Arabic verb Yu'rafna as a word delineating the boundary between the free and salve women? Based on the document-analytical method, this article carefully examines the sources of both Shiite and Sunni sources and seeks to express the necessity of maintaining the hijab of women. It concludes that, the title of “observing the public chastity” is not mentioned in the words of the commentators and jurists. Additionally, since the people of the Book, slaves and those who did not observe Islamic Shari'ah lived in Media of the day, this verse means the very attention to the protection of privacy in the form of identification and security of the committed women, and so there is no obligation to wear hijab.