درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the indicators and dimensions of psychological empowerment of professors in the faculty members of the Azad University of East Azerbaijan Province. Methodology: Research method in terms of applied purpose; In terms of data collection method, it was descriptive-survey and in terms of data type, it was a combination (qualitative-quantitative) of confirmatory type. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research were experts familiar with the field of psychological empowerment of professors, and the quantitative part of the statistical population included members of the faculty of the Islamic Azad University of East Azerbaijan Province (450 people). The sample size in the qualitative section was determined using purposive non-random sampling method and the principle of theoretical saturation of 25 people and in the quantitative section using Cochran's formula, 207 people were selected as the sample. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. To ensure the validity of the interview, the triangulation method (three-way) was used. To ensure the reliability of the interview, the recoding method was used and to validate part of the experts' point of view, the content and structure validity was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire, which showed the validity of the instrument. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the interview; Coding, factor analysis and univariate t-test using LISREL software were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that the variables of organizational culture, organizational structure, organizational monitoring system, organizational reward system, organizational management systems had a significant effect on the psychological empowerment of faculty members in the Islamic Azad University of East Azerbaijan Province. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, paying attention to various structural, cultural and managerial factors can enhance the psychological empowerment of professors.

The present study aimed to capture and represent the mediator-learner’s interaction in the development of listening proficiency and statistically compare this interaction between high and low proficient English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. Thirty EFL learners participated in Oxford Quick Placemat Test (OQPT) and the Interactions/Mosaic Listening Placement (IMLP) Test to select those whose proficiency levels and listening skills were based on the placement guide of the tests, at upper-intermediate and advanced levels. Out of 30 learners, 12 learners (upper-intermediate level=6, advanced level=6) volunteered to participate in individualized tutoring sessions. The study adopted an interactionist Dynamic Assessment (DA) approach and implemented a qualitative research methodology to reveal the frequency and quality, the two criteria to interpret the learners’ developments and Zone of Actual/Potential Development (ZAD/ZPD) functioning, of mediator-learner’s interaction. The amount and quality of moves made by learners to complete the task were reported in quantitative data. Statistical analyses were run to examine whether the ability level may affect the responsiveness of learners to mediation. Findings of the study revealed that 17 reciprocity moves were identified that promoted the development of listening abilities of upper-intermediate and advanced level learners. It is also revealed that the upper-intermediate learners showed more responses as compared to the advanced learners.

Le village est avant tout le lieu de la proximité de l’homme et de la nature, de la terre qui nourrit l’homme et des animaux desquels sa vie dépend. Il est caractérisé par plusieurs éléments tels que sa petitesse, son isolement et l’analphabétisme de ses membres. Cet article entend faire un tour d’horizon des ressources dans lesquelles puise la littérature rustique, afin de présenter l’esthétique de la littérature rustique où l’état d’esprit du personnage rend compte d’une simplicité qui va à l’opposé de la complexité de la vie urbaine. Les questions principales tirées de notre corpus créent un terrain d’application pour le concept d’espace littéraire. Avec les outils d’analyse que ce concept implique mais aussi avec ceux empruntés au sociologue américain Robert Redfield, nous proposerons d’abord d’exposer l’espace rustique à travers ses caractéristiques intrinsèques. En second lieu, on l’opposera à son antithèse naturelle, c’est-à-dire à la ville et aux urbains, pour illustrer la démarche anti-conventionnelle des auteurs et leur volonté de définir à nouveaux frais les contours d’une esthétique rustique renouvelée.