درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

В статье рассматриваются эмоции, репрезентированные через образы персонажей романа М.Ю. Лермонтова «Герой нашего времени». Автор последовательно анализирует элементы текста, в которых эмоции мужских и женских персонажей номинированы, непосредственно выражены и описаны. Количество лексических единиц и элементов текста, участвующих в репрезентации той или иной эмоции, заносится в таблицы. Автором найдена и подробно описана репрезентация следующих эмоций: радость, печаль, удивление, гнев, любопытство, презрение, отвращение, стыд, чувство вины, страх. Автор приходит к выводу, что в романе «Герой нашего времени» создана андроцентричная эмоциональная картина мира. В ней персонажи-мужчины репрезентируют больший спектр эмоций, в большем количестве, используют больше выразительных средств, чем персонажи-женщины. Автор объясняет это тем, что писатель, создавший произведение, как и герои-нарраторы в тексте, является мужчиной. Кроме того, на репрезентацию эмоций влияет форма повествования (дневник Печорина) и культурный контекст.

Urban sprawl, or the unplanned and uncontrolled spreading out of built-up areas in Zaria urban area causes problems of congestion, poor urban basic infrastructure delivery and poor urban planning. This paper analyzed the pattern and implications of urban sprawl using GIS and Remote sensing as an improved approach to analyze and explain sprawling beyond the traditional spatial or cartographic mapping and monitoring method which lacks the effectiveness to analyze and explain the details of spatiotemporal dimensions of urban sprawl. Map overlay analysis was used to calculate the rate and magnitude of the growth pattern for the four epochs of 1976, 1990, 2000 and 2014 if it could be regarded as sprawl. Results revealed that ribbon and leap-frog pattern of sprawl had fully developed North-South at approximately 25km stretch (Kano-Kaduna road) and 16km East-West on the regional arterial roads (Sokoto road and Jos road). Findings also revealed that the sprawl patterns were as a result of rapid urban population growth, increase demand for land, poor urban planning and social segregation with their respective implications. The causes of having such widespread urban sprawl needs to be studied in order to control the City’s growth.

 Following the growing urbanization, choosing and providing housing has become one of the mos t important issues for planners as well as people. Developing a comprehensive program of housing needs complete identification and deep analysis of widespread dimensions of housing and factors affecting them. In the meantime, addressing housing indices, as the key planning tool forming its main thrus t, can be the mos t critical step of planning. By conducting research on identifying and analyzing different housing indicators, the effectiveness of housing programs can be greatly increased. However, among the policies and plans that have been made due to the overcoming of economic factors and the lack of clarification of the good housing index, the qualitative indicators of housing have remained somewhat diminished relative to its quantitative dimension, and planners have more focused on providing housing. This research seeks to find and compare the angles of unders tanding and evaluating the residents' viewpoints on the desired housing, and ultimately, address the impact of location on the mental valuation of residents about the cons tructive components of housing quality. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in order to achieve the desired goals, the qualitative indicators of desirable housing are surveyed from residents' point of view in Shahrak-e-Gharb and Monirieh neighborhoods of Tehran. In the formulation of the questionnaire, 48 items are developed in two areas of the residential unit and residential environment, of which only 13 indicators have a significant difference between the two neighborhoods indicating that the spatial domain has no effect on residents’ valuation of housing quality indices and also the average values given to the items show the great importance of the quality of housing for citizens.