درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The spread of the corona virus has so far affected education and research in sport. The aim of this study was to investigating the effects of Covod-19 outbreak on Educational and research processes in sports. The present study is an applied research in terms of nature and from the aspect of data analysis method is descriptive-exploratory that data collection was done in the field. The statistical population included an unlimited number of all sports directors, sports teachers and professors, sports coaches, sports producers, sports service providers, sports referees, athletes, sports equipment sellers and sports media activists in Iran, and 600 samples answered a questionnaire of 20 research questions. In order to evaluate the reliability of internal consistency and its stability, Cronbach's alpha index was used in a preliminary study that the alpha value for the whole questionnaire was 0.972. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS and AMOS software. Exploratory factor analysis showed that education and research in sport were affected by COVID-19. This finding can help the relevant institutions and organizations in the country to improve the situation of education and research in sports in the post-Corona era .

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created extraordinary challenges and prompted remarkable social changes around the world of sports. Consecutive delays in official and international competitions have become a common concern for competitive athletes. It seems that the involvement of athletes in this uncertain future in the long run will pose a serious threat to the mental health and well-being of athletes. In this editorial, we presented some constructs of the Positive Psychology to show how the Positive Psychology can increase resilience levels of competitive athletes in order to cope with the challenges COVID-19 has posed to the sporting world.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job interest and economic conditions with the social status of physical education teachers (Case study of Hamadan province) . Method: The present study is a descriptive survey and field study. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. After confirming its validity by experts, the reliability was confirmed with the participation of 11 university professors, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87. The research population consisted of 800 physical education teachers in Hamadan province. The statistical sample was estimated to be 367 people using Morgan table and finally 235 questionnaires were returned and examined. Research data were analyzed using SPSS software . Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of job interest components and economic factor in the sample with the average of the population. Conclusions: In other words, the interest of teachers is higher than average, and the economic factor and receiving high benefits have not led to the choice of teaching job.

Background: The "athlete's heart" syndrome encompasses structural and functional cardiac adaptations to chronic exercise. These sports impose unique hemodynamic loads, potentially leading to distinct remodeling patterns. Objective: This study aimed to compare central cardiovascular adaptations, both structural and functional, in elite male athletes from basketball, volleyball, and handball to identify sport-specific differences. Methods: Thirty male athletes (aged 18-25; n=10 per sport group) participated in this cross-sectional study. All participants underwent comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography at rest and immediately following a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) on a treadmill. Key measured parameters included left ventricular (LV) dimensions, wall thickness, mass, ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume, and cardiac output. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test, with post-hoc analyses where appropriate. Results: While most parameters indicated a common adaptive athlete’s heart profile across all sports, significant sport-specific differences were found. Handball players exhibited a significantly higher heart rate post-GXT (180.11±9.45bpm) compared to both basketball and volleyball players (p<0.01). Furthermore, ejection fraction was significantly different between all groups at rest (p<0.05), with handball players also demonstrating a superior EF post-GXT compared to the other groups (p<0.05). A significant difference in left ventricular end-systolic dimension was also observed at rest between all three sports (p<0.001). Conclusion: The significant differences in post-exercise heart rate and ejection fraction, particularly in handball players, suggest that the pronounced upper-body and isometric components of handball impose a unique hemodynamic stress, leading to distinct functional adaptations. This underscores the importance of sport-specific interpretation of cardiac parameters in athletes.