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Objective: This study investigated the synergistic effects of neurofeedback (NF) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on enhancing athletic performance and psychological resilience in elite athletes, addressing critical gaps in standardized protocols and long-term efficacy within sports neuroscience. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover design was employed with 60 national-level athletes (30 male, 30 female) stratified by sport type (endurance/skill-based). Participants underwent 10 sessions of either: (1) active NF (SMR upregulation via 64-channel EEG) + active tDCS (2mA over left DLPFC), (2) active NF + sham tDCS, (3) sham NF + active tDCS, or (4) sham NF + sham tDCS. Primary outcomes included sport-specific performance metrics (reaction time, time-to-exhaustion) and psychological resilience (CD-RISC-25), with secondary EEG measures (beta power, P300) assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 8-week follow-up. Results: The combined NF+tDCS group demonstrated superior improvements versus sham controls: 15.2% faster reaction time (p < 0.001, d = 1.21), 12.4% increased endurance (p = 0.002), and 22.3-point higher resilience scores (p < 0.001). EEG revealed sustained beta power elevation over the left DLPFC (+2.1 dB at follow-up, p = 0.01), mediating 41% of resilience gains through reduced amygdala reactivity (HRV analysis, β = 0.64, p = 0.003). Skill-based athletes showed greater cognitive benefits, while endurance athletes exhibited stronger psychological gains, with sex-specific effects noted (females: better tDCS response; males: superior NF anxiety reduction). Conclusion: Combined NF and tDCS induces durable, sport-specific enhancements in both performance and resilience, likely through prefrontal-amygdala circuit plasticity. These findings advocate for personalized neuromodulation protocols in elite sports while highlighting the need for ethical frameworks governing neuroenhancement technologies.

Background: Education is a social process in which human beings reach social competence and individual growth. An institution that does this process is called the school. Among schools, primary schools are the most important environment for socialization and education of children, so physical education programs at this stage can provide conditions for the development of motor literacy and thus a healthy and active lifestyle. While refreshing the school yard and stimulating and encouraging the students' visual sense to engage in sports, the dynamic yard design provides a suitable ground for children to play spontaneously.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the dynamic yard design on the physical, mental and academic performance of elementary school students.Materials and Methods: This research has been done by the library method to review related articles, take notes and infer from them.Results: The results of the research indicate that between the implementation of the dynamic yard plan and the variables of physical activity, vitality, reduction of behavioral incompatibilities, academic performance, and physical self-concept (athletic fitness, fat burning, physical appearance, flexibility, health, and self-esteem), there is a positive and significant relationship.Conclusion: Enriching the schoolyard by drawing play shapes and purposeful plans and encouraging students to do physical activities in their spare time can positively affect behavioral patterns, enthusiasm, learning, institutionalizing exercise at an early age, and developing basic skills and have public sports.

The distinctive characteristics of sportswear underscore the critical importance of product quality in this sector, where purchasing decisions are often influenced by brand reputation and perceived quality. Sports products are not only essential for athletic activities but are also increasingly integrated into daily wear and leisure attire. This study examines the impact of sports product quality and retail service quality on brand preference and purchase intention, with a focus on the mediating roles of perceived value and brand equity. Using a descriptive-survey approach and structural equation modeling, the research targeted customers of prominent domestic and international sports brands in Iran. Given the unlimited population size, a sample of 384 was determined based on the Krejcie and Morgan table; ultimately, 370 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Data were collected using validated scales: perceived value (Ebrahimi et al., 2014), brand equity (Boyle et al., 2013), purchase intention and brand preference (Chang & Liu, 2009), and product and service quality adapted from Ebrahimi et al. (2009) and Ismailpour and Goldouzi (2013). The structural equation analysis revealed that both product and service quality directly affect purchase intention and also exert influence through the mediating role of brand equity. Furthermore, brand equity mediated the relationship between quality dimensions and brand preference. These findings suggest that enhancing perceived quality—through factors such as durability, functionality, product design, and after-sales service, supported by strategic communication—can strengthen brand preference and maximize purchase intention among consumers.

The aim of this study is to investigate the evolution of sport tourism research and identify research gaps in the field. This descriptive-analytical research utilizes a bibliography and illustration method to achieve these goals. A total of 644 articles were extracted from the Web of Science database, and their bibliometric data were analyzed using VOS viewer software. The findings reveal the trend of publishing articles and citing them in recent years, while also outline the most cited articles, researchers, journals, and universities. Additionally, the primary country in the collaboration network was identified. Keyword co-occurrence analysis indicates that the majority of research in this field pertains to sport events and their management. The results also underscore a limited focus on the approach of service dominant logic and its derived concepts. Additional areas for future research include examining tourists' behavior as customers throughout all travel stages, investigating the impact of technology on sports tourism, and exploring tourists' behaviors.

Background: Identifying the practice conditions that optimize the learning of motor skills is one of the main objectives in the field of human motor learning research.Aim: Present study aimed to explore the effect of success criteria in low-error practice conditions on motor learning, self-efficacy, and mood states among female students.Materials and Methods: This practical quasi-experimental study was conducted in a field setting. The participants were 30 female students from Yazd University, selected through convenience sampling. After they completed the consent form, the selected participants were randomly divided into three groups: low-error practice with a large target (n= 10), low-error practice with a small target (n= 10), and a low-error control group (n= 10). Then, mixed ANOVA was applied in order to test the hypotheses and data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.Results: The findings indicate that both the large (P=0.003) and small (P=0.001) target groups significantly outperformed the control group (P=0 .033) regarding the difference in performance accuracy. Moreover, In the small target group, a significant difference was observed only in the happiness subscale considering mood states (P=0.001), while in the large target group, significant differences were found in the tension (P=0 .003), depression (P=0.001), and fatigue subscales (P= 0.001). Regarding self-efficacy, significant differences were observed in the power dimension in both the large (P=0 .001) and small target groups (P=0.003)Conclusion: The use of success criteria in low-error practice methods is beneficial, and it is recommended to adopt this approach to improve accuracy and stability in practice sessions.