درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Sport startups are a specific form of new business venture that enters the market in a fast manner. There has been more emphasis on sport startups due to the need to capitalize on innovations particularly digital types in the global business environment. This study examines the challenges physical education students face in using advertising to foster the growth of emerging sports startups. Using triangulation, we collected data through mixed methods. The findings indicate significant financial barriers, such as high start-up costs and insufficient initial capital, that limit students' ability to invest in their businesses. Additionally, a lack of understanding of sports marketing principles and the rapid pace of advertising technology evolution hinder effective promotional efforts. Social and cultural barriers, including low community awareness and trust in new entrepreneurial ventures, further limit market access for sports startups. The intense competition with established brands requires high levels of innovation and creativity, areas in which students often lack experience and skills. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive support systems, such as financial aid, improved educational programs, and mentorship, to provide physical education students with the necessary tools to successfully navigate the competitive sports business landscape. This research provides valuable insights to improve the growth and success of sports startups using advertising.

Background: Epidemiology studies the prevalence of a disease or injury in a particular society. In fact, the focus is on the study of injury type, body part of injury, the duration of an athlete's absence from sports, severity, treatment costs due to the injury, etc. Taekwondo is one of the most popular sports in Iran which has high injuries due to its contact nature.Aim: This study aimed to identify gaps, and address challenges in the literature on injuries among Iranian taekwondo athletes. To achieve this, the study reviewed research on taekwondo injuries among Iranian athletes, with a specific focus on the incidence rate of injuries, the most commonly injured body locations, the types of injuries, and other epidemiological indexes.Materials and Methods: To conduct the study, databases including "sid.ir", "Magiran", "Iran doc", "Google Scholar", "ScienceDirect", "Scopus", and "PubMed" were searched using keywords including "taekwondo", "taekwondo injury", "epidemiology", "injury rate", "Iranian taekwondo", "sport epidemiology" and "Iran epidemiology". Articles relevant to the subject published between 2005 and 2023 were selected for analysis, focusing specifically on studies related to the epidemiology of taekwondo injuries in Iranian athletes.Results: Total of 70 research were found. The analysis showed sprain and strain with 38.70% and bruises with 30.60% as the most reported types of injury, lower extremity injured mostly with the average of 33.12%.Conclusion: The gap of considering the injury type and severity was observed in most studies. The nature of injury and injury chronometry are of indexes paid less attention as well. Regard to the studies, injuries in the lower extremity are mostly occurred in Iranian taekwondo athletes. A study in epidemiology of taekwondo injuries included all epidemiological indexes in Iranian taekwondo athletes is necessary.