درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strategic thinking skills on the effectiveness of strategy creation process of team sport federations in Iran. 57 questionnaires distributed among the managers of team sport federations to collect the required data. Strategic thinking skills questionnaire and effectiveness of strategy creation process questionnaire adapted from Moghimi and Ramezan questionnaire (2015). Structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) approach was employed for data analysis. The results indicated that strategic thinking skills of managers had a significant effect on the effectiveness of strategy creation process in team sport federations. According to the findings, improving the strategic thinking skills of managers in sport federations, is critical in the process of creating effective strategies.

The purpose of this study was to explore why and how can donors be involved in the development of student sports?. The research method was based on grounded theory approach (Strauss & Corbin method). The statistical population in the qualitative stage included 15 experts and key experts including university professors and executives of university sports who were selected by purposive sampling, and at the quantitative stage, 315 people who were active in the field of charity and student sports were studied. The results were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis in the form of structural equations with SPSS and PLS software. 73 primary concepts were identified, which were categorized into 58 sub-categories. Compiled to collect information. According to the developed model, the existence of security for donors in investing in student sports and providing the necessary support such as granting appropriate facilities, exemptions, and tax discounts provide incentives for the private sector to participate in various sub-categories of physical education and sports. In addition, considering other barriers as well as focusing on developing strategies, could potentially lead to donor investment and participation in student sports.

Background: Increasing prevalence rate of anxiety disorders in elderly populations especially due to physical limitations has become a key concern for health authorities. Aim : The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of cognitive and physical training on physiological and psychological Levels of anxiety in the elderly. Material and Methods: Forty-nine aged females (62.3±2.6 years) with BMI of 35-49.99 kg/m<sup>2 were assigned to one of three groups: Cognitive (n= 17), Physical training [yoga] (n= 16) and control group (n= 10). The cognitive training protocol included breathing and imagery/visualization techniques, which lasted for an 8-week period, three sessions a week. Yoga practices comprising Asana and Pranaya training, three times a week, for two months. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was given before and after intervention training. Biofeedback devices was used to monitor galvanic skin resistance and resting heart rate (as physiological and psychological markers of anxiety) in pretest and pre-test phases. The data were analyzed using analysis covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: It was indicated that anxiety score in cognitive training was significantly lower than control group ( P = 0.002) and also, anxiety score in physical Training was significantly lower than control group ( P = 0.01). No significant difference was found between the two training groups ( P = 0.18). Furthermore, both training groups had lower galvanic skin resistance ( P < 0.001). In addition, physical training group had a better status of resting heart rate after intervention compared to the cognitive and control groups (respectively, P = 0.04 and P = 0.001). Conclusions: It was concluded that the health benefits of Physical training [yoga] isn’t not specific to maintaining physical health, but also extends to lowering the anxiety in elderly with obesity. It was also suggested that cognitive training can mitigate the anxiety symptoms in the elderly while no physical changes were shown in cognitive training.

Background: China is the undisputed power of sports in the world today and due to the close relations of China and Iran in many different aspects, the bilateral scientific works can be considered as well. Aim : The purpose of this study was to analyze the opportunities for the development of championship sports with a look at the cooperation document between Iran and China. Materials and Methods: The present study was a qualitative (descriptive-analytical) type of library studies in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection, which examined scientific works including books, articles, and notes during 2010-2021 about Iranian sports and China took place. Results: The research findings showed that the Islamic Republic of Iran and China, as two superpowers of West and East Asia, can have different sports interactions with each other in team and individual disciplines, respectively. In addition, the Iranians can use sport as a starting point and a tool to facilitate and accelerate their political-trade relations by winning 76 and the Chinese by winning 696 medals in the Summer and Winter Olympics; For example, the Chinese in the fields of swimming and diving, gymnastics, table tennis and recently weightlifting have emerged as the undisputed power of the world, while Iran can also compete in team sports such as football, volleyball and even Basketball to share its experiences in human resource development as the most important precondition for national excellence with this country. Conclusion: All in all, sport as a facilitator between Iran and China can develop the future political communications. China is the pioneer of Olympic Games and 25 years agreement can lead to brilliant future for Iranians.

Background: Trunk control defect is one of the neuromuscular defects that can cause sports-related injuries in athletes. Aim: This research investigated whether neuromuscular training affects several kinetic parameters in male athletes who had trouble controlling their trunks during a change-of-direction movement. Materials and Methods: The present study used a pre-test-post-test design and was conducted semi-experimentally. Purposefully chosen male athletes (n= 29) with trunk control defects were randomly divided into two groups: control (n= 14) and experiment (n= 15). A Kistler force plate was used to quantify kinetic variables. The exercises were performed for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week (30 min each session). To analyze the data, dependent t-test and analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 21 were used at the significance level of P <0.05. Results: The findings indicated a significant decrease in the time to peak anterior-posterior force ( P =0.010), time to peak mediolateral force ( P =0.001), time to peak vertical force ( P =0.003), and rate of loading ( P =0.001) of the experimental group. The differences in all control group variables were insignificant, P >0.05. Conclusion: Performing neuromuscular training is likely to improve the direction change mechanism and prevent injury in athletes with trunk control defects.

Background: Force plates are widely used in biomechanics and sports sciences to measure various aspects of human movement. The accuracy and reliability of force plate measurements are critical for valid data interpretation. Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Iranian force plate in the vertical, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral directions using two manual dynamometers and a load cell. Materials and Methods: In this study, the force plate device utilized had a frequency of 1200 Hz and was manufactured by the Danesh Salar Iranian Company. Additionally, to determine the device's validity, we used Lafayette hand-held dynamometers manufactured in the United States and a load cell by Zemik. Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed to determine the validity of the force plate, while the internal consistency coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the force plate's reliability. Results: The study findings indicated a significant and high level of reliability between the maximum force obtained from the force plate device and manual dynamometer devices and load cell. Additionally, the internal consistency coefficient was found to be excellent (very high) for 20 trials in the three directions of vertical (0.98), anterior-posterior (0.96), and medial-lateral (0.97). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the Iranian force plate is a reliable device for measuring maximum force in the three directions of vertical, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral, with very high validity.

The main purpose of the present study was to determine the factors affecting the establishment of sports knowledge-based companies based on electronic knowledge. To pursue this aim, Glaser's grounded theory was used as the qualitative research method. 16 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with academic and industry experts in the field of sports using purposeful and snowball sampling methods. Data analysis was performed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, and the preliminary list of factors was identified through initial library studies. The 105 values affecting the development of sports knowledge-based companies based on electronic knowledge were extracted through the open coding process. The final pattern was created using the results of axial coding, which revealed the identification of 12 subcategories, falling into two main categories: intra-organization (human resources, management, marketing, legal, and financial factors) and extra-organization (educational/creativity and innovation factors, economic, cultural-social, infrastructure, legal, policy-making, and support/protection). According to the findings of the study, the professional and comprehensive view of managers and scientific and executive officials on these mentioned factors can change the ecosystem of sports entrepreneurship in Iran, providing the necessary context and infrastructure, as well as the sports community's interest in entrepreneurship and the formation of knowledge-based companies. This is, of course, accompanied by long-term job opportunities for activists in this sector as well as the development of new and inventive ideas, goods, and services.