درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Sports facility management is debatable from several angles, such as design principles, safety, and health principles, sizes and standards, and supervision, among which optimal location and determining the appropriate location to build sports facilities is one of the most crucial and specialized categories. The purpose of this research is a review study of sports places site selection with geographic information system. To achieve the research goal, a review study was conducted on the issue of locating sports venues with GIS. Google Scholar, SJR, and SID databases were reviewed to extract English and non-English language articles on locating sports venues with GIS. The researches conducted from 2007 to 2023 were reviewed in this study. The search was conducted in December 2022 and led to the identification of 565 records. After two steps of ‘screening’ and ‘eligibility’, 17 researches have met the criteria and were included for data analysis. Findings demonstrated that GIS has become very prosperous in the world, huge sums of money are spent to prepare these systems, and it is predicted that billions of dollars will be spent in this field in the future.

Background : There are conflicting findings regarding the effect of various training modalities on the cardiovascular disease mechanisms induced by undesirable modifications in extracellular matrix (ECM) factors such as MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different training protocols on the MMP-9 and TIMP-1 gene expression in the myocardium of Wistar male rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight adult Wistar male rats (aged: 8 weeks) were randomly allocated into two control (Con8w/base, n=8; and Con16w/end control, n=8) and four training groups (MICT, n=8; PICT, n=8; HIIT, n=8; and MIST, n=8). The training protocols consisted of 8 weeks (5 days/week) of Moderate-Intensity, Continuous Training (MICT: 37 min running with 65% vVO 2 max), Moderate-Intensity, Swimming Training (MIST: 30 min free-swimming), Progressive-Intensity, Continuous Training (PICT: 28 min running with a progressive increase in the incline of the treadmill by 2% per week), and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT: four running bouts 4 min with 90 to 100% vVO 2 max + 3 min with 50-65% vVO 2 max). Myocardial samples were isolated 24 hours after the last training session. Gene expression was determined using the real-time PCR method. All data (M±SD) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests at α ≤0.05. Results : There were significant differences between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in the animals myocardium after different exercise training protocols ( P <0.01). The lowest and highest MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were in the HIIT and MICT protocols, respectively. Conclusion: According to our findings, the HIIT protocol may play a more influential role in enhancing myocardial ECM-remodeling and fibrosis indicators during lifespan than the other exercise protocols.

Background: Low back pain is a common debilitating condition and a major clinical and socio-economic problem in the most industrialized and non-industrialized countries. Aim : The aim of this study was to compare the effect of motor control exercises and PNF exercises on postural control, strength, endurance and proprioception in women with chronic non-specific low back pain. Materials and Methods: Forty-five women with non-specific chronic low back pain selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into three groups of 15 (motor control exercises, PNF exercises, and control group). The pre-test included posture control, flexor and extensor muscle strength of the trunk, trunk muscle endurance, and proprioception using Y balance, dynamometer, McGill, and Goniometer tests, respectively. The subjects of the experimental groups performed the training program for 8 weeks under the supervision of the instructor and according to the training protocol. Then, the post-test was performed. Paired t-test and analysis of covariance at the significance level of 0.05 were used to collect data. Results: The results showed that motor control and PNF exercises improved proprioception, postural control, endurance, and strength of trunk flexor and extensor muscles in women with non-specific chronic low back pain (α≤0.05). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the effects of motor control and PNF exercises on proprioception, postural control, flexor muscle endurance, and extensor muscle strength (α≥0.05). Discussion: Motor control and PNF exercises are effective in improving the proprioception, postural control, endurance, and strength of flexor and extensor muscles of the trunk with non-specific chronic low back pain, and both training methods are effective in treating chronic non-specific low back pain.