درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In the twentieth century language has become the most important philosophical issue. In the field of religious studies, one of the important issues is the issue of language too, and the language of religion and the way of understanding religious texts have become an important concern for religious scholars. The question that what is the nature of language used by God Almighty for expressing his meaning and purpose, is one of the most important issues in religious language controversies. As God in religious texts, including in the Holy Qur'an, has established a text-based communication with humans, does the Holy Quran, before responding to other human needs that are essential to his salvation, address this fundamental question about the nature of the language that has been used in this text-based communication? The importance of this question is that the methodology provides an understanding of the Qur'an. In this research, the author tries to provide a positive response to the fundamental question, expressing that the language of the Quran is a pragmatic language. In this regard, in order to defend the pragmatic language of the Qur'an, the author first describes the characteristics of the language suitable for the Qur'an and then shows that the pragmatic language has the features of the proper language for the Qur'an and is used in the Qur'an. The result of this study is that the language of the Qur'an is an existential and natural language.

In theological debates about the creation of human and the theory of evolution, “the theory of creation” means the creation of human at once by the creator of the universe, and “the theory of evolution” means the natural, normal, and gradual creation of human in the evolutionary cycle of life. The question is whether the Qur’an also views human creation as contradictory to his natural and evolutionary genesis. This study shows that the Qur’anic concepts of creation (khalq) and selection (iṣṭifāʾ) based on the contextual analysis of these vocabularies allow for an evolutionary reading of human creation. Creation means the emergence of phenomena in a natural, time-consuming, step-by-step process with the interference of natural laws supported by God’s command. The meaning of the presence of divine command in all stages of creation is the consciousness of all the objects and their components which is effective in the process of creating an organ along with other factors. Also, the concept of selection of Adam suggests that Adam was chosen among his contemporaries as the first modern human being because of his physical and mental superiority, and his creation was not at once, unnatural and unrelated to previous generations.